###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: The proposed deal would combine the second and third largest cable operators in the US. Charter is also buying Bright House Networks, another cable operator, for $10.4bn. The combined three firms will serve cable television and broadband to 23.9 million customers in 41 states. Charter will pay about $55bn in cash and stock for Time Warner Cable, with the balance of the $78.7bn valuation coming from TWC's debts. US cable companies are facing stiff competition from online service providers such as Amazon and Netflix, as customers increasingly choose to stream films and television shows over the internet at a time of their convenience. Cable companies are responding by trying to cut costs and improve the quality of their shows. The new merged cable giant will compete with US cable market leader Comcast, which currently has about 27 million customers. Charter's takeover move comes a month after Comcast abandoned its plan to buy Time Warner Cable fearing  pressure from regulators. The latest deal is also likely to come under regulatory scrutiny, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) quickly issued a statement. "The FCC reviews every merger on its merits and determines whether it would be in the public interest," FCC chairman Tom Wheeler said. "In applying the public interest test, an absence of harm is not sufficient. The commission will look to see how American consumers would benefit if the deal were to be approved." The merged company would still be smaller than Comcast, which serves about a third of US broadband customers, said analyst Craig Moffett of Moffett Nathanson Research. "One has to be sober about genuine risks that this deal could still be rejected," he added. Liberty Broadband, which currently owns about a quarter of Charter, is expected to own about 20% of the new company. The deal values Time Warner Cable at $195.71 per share.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Charter Communications has agreed to buy media giant Time Warner Cable in a deal which values the company at $78.7bn (Â£52bn).


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: The inquiry will look at historical abuse of children in care in Scotland. But John Findlay, who was abused while a pupil in the care of Aberlour House in Moray, said money would be better spent supporting victims. He said the inquiry was "yet another process" rather than progress towards helping people. Mr Findlay told BBC Scotland's Timeline programme how he had spoken publically before about what happened to him, but has not been contacted about giving evidence to the inquiry. He was abused by one of his teachers, who is no longer alive, at Aberlour House, a prep school for Gordonstoun private school in Moray which Mr Findlay went on to attend. Mr Findlay was assaulted in his bed in a dormitory after being given what he described as a form of date rape drug. "He fondled my genitalia. He put his head under the covers, He took photographs," said Mr Findlay of the attack. "Once I was able to move afterwards I confronted him about it. I was convinced by him that I imagined it, that nothing happened." Mr Findlay said what happened to him as a child "tainted" his adult life, including work and personal relationships. On the inquiry, he said: "I would love to say I have hope, however, it is yet another announcement of yet another inquiry and yet another process. "I see actually no progression whatsoever with regards to any government or any school providing genuine help for victims of abuse. "It is all very well saying 'yeah, we are looking into it', but for crying out loud it is about time you could just turn around and say instead of spending how ever much on inquiries why not just spend the money on helping the victims of this abuse." Gordonstoun is among boarding schools and other institutions involved in the investigation. In a statement. Gordonstoun said: "We welcome the Scottish Abuse Inquiry's invitation to submit a report and will respond in full. "Cases of non-recent abuse must be unimaginably distressing for the victims and their families and the work that the Scottish Abuse Inquiry is undertaking will, we hope, draw important lessons from the past and make children safer in the future. "For everyone at Gordonstoun today, making sure our students are happy, healthy and safe is at the heart of everything we do. "We are committed to providing a safe and nurturing environment for all our students. Our ongoing work in this area was recognised in our most recent independent Care Inspectorate Report which gave us a rating of five -  'very good' - for pupil care and support and noted the 'comprehensive child protection procedures' in place." The Scottish government said it had established one of the widest ranging public inquiries that Scotland has ever seen into the abuse of children in care. A spokesperson said: "It will focus on the systemic institutional failures which saw many of our most vulnerable children, including those in the care of the state, abused by the very individuals who were there to care for them. "We want that inquiry to be able to undertake its work in a timescale that can address the issues raised by survivors. "Scotland is one of the few countries in the world that has dedicated funding for support services for adult survivors of child abuse. "We have made real progress in delivering what survivors told us they wanted, including a greatly expanded support fund of Â£13.5m over five years to co-ordinate access to and deliver resources, integrated care and support for those who were abused in care." The spokesperson said Deputy First Minister John Swinney had also committed to a consultation on redress, pledging to work with survivors to consider the wide range of differing views on the subject. The spokesperson added: "Last year, we introduced legislation to make it easier to take civil action against historic child abuse, and we also reviewing the child protection system to ensure it is as effective as it can be."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

A victim of child abuse has criticised the decision to hold an inquiry to investigate more than 60 institutions, including several top private schools.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: The Night Wolves had planned to enter next week as part of a ride across Europe to commemorate the 70th anniversary of World War Two. Polish Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz had called the plan a "provocation". The Night Wolves' vice-president, Felix Chernyakhovsky, has insisted the bikers still intend to make the trip. "Everything remains the same. We're starting tomorrow as planned," he told Interfax news agency. The Night Wolves are subject to US sanctions for alleged active involvement in Crimea and for helping to recruit separatist fighters for Russian-backed rebels in eastern Ukraine. Russia's foreign ministry said it was "outraged" at Poland's decision. The Night Wolves' planned road trip through Poland stirred such controversy because of the group's close association with Vladimir Putin and its support of Moscow's annexation of Crimea and Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine. They are viewed in Poland as the "Kremlin's Hells Angels". The day after news of the trip appeared earlier this month many Polish newspapers illustrated the story with a photograph showing a sunglass-wearing, helmetless Russian president riding an enormous three-wheeled Harley-Davidson Lehman Trike with the club in Crimea in 2010. A Facebook page entitled "No to the Russian bandits' ride through Poland" quickly garnered support from more than 10,000 people. The page's co-host Jarek Podworski, a biker from Krakow, told me the Night Wolves were not motorcycle enthusiasts but criminals, some of whom had taken part in the fighting in eastern Ukraine. Besides, he added, Poles remembered the Soviet occupation of Poland. Warsaw has been a strong critic of Moscow's actions in Ukraine. The Polish foreign ministry said three other Russian biker groups would be allowed into the country. But it said it was notified of the group's plans only on Monday, and without details of the route or number of participants. The ministry added that it had informed the Russian embassy in Warsaw that the lack of information meant "it could not ensure proper security for the participants". However, Russia's foreign ministry said in a statement: "It is clear that the decision that was taken has a political motive." The Night Wolves intend to cross several countries, following a path taken by the Red Army in World War Two, with the aim of arriving in Berlin in time for 9 May Victory Day celebrations in Moscow. The 6,000km (3,720 mile) road trip would take them through Russia, Belarus, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria, before reaching Germany.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

The Polish foreign ministry has banned a biker gang linked to Russian President Vladimir Putin from entering the country.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: The 32-year-old had been in poor form but made a double century to inspire his side's fightback after England made 629-6 declared in Cape Town. "I believe I can be of greater value as a fully focused batsman and senior player at this time," said Amla. AB de Villiers will lead South Africa in the third Test in Johannesburg, which starts on 14 January. After his appointment as successor to Graeme Smith in June 2014, Amla captained the world number one side in 14 Tests. He won four and drew six but came under pressure during a 3-0 series defeat in India. Amla said he had considered quitting before the start of the series against England, who won the first Test by 241 runs in Durban last week. Until his marathon effort at Newlands, Amla, a veteran of 90 Tests and 7,108 runs, had not hit a Test century since December 2014. "I honestly feel a lot of the criticism that Hashim has faced in the last couple of weeks is very harsh," said South Africa coach Russell Domingo. "He is one of South Africa's greatest players. There hasn't been enough respect shown of his achievements as a player." De Villiers had raised doubts about his future in Test cricket during the first Test because of his busy workload, and handed over wicketkeeping duties to Quinton de Kock for the second match. The 31-year-old, who already leads the one-day side, said: "It is an incredible honour to captain South Africa in any format. The captaincy has obviously come at short notice and is the realisation of a lifelong dream. "At the moment my priority and focus is placed on leading this team to what can be a memorable series win against England. This Test squad is motivated and determined to turn our performances around and I'm looking forward to taking up that challenge as captain." England captain Alastair Cook was sad to learn of Amla's resignation. "You're under pressure as a captain for a lot of the time," said Cook. "It's always sad when someone steps down because to captain your country is a huge honour and a real privilege. "He'll have his reasons and I wish him all the best - he's a really nice guy." Cricket South Africa chief executive Haroon Lorgat said Amla "still had a huge role to play in shaping the success of our team". He added: "He is just that type of a person and we are very fortunate to have him in our stable. "I want to thank AB for readily accepting the challenge of rebuilding our Test team as we seek to remain the best team in the world."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Hashim Amla resigned as South Africa captain immediately after his side drew the second Test against England.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: Forecasts were for quarterly growth of between 0.5% and 0.7%. Official statistics also showed that household consumption expenditure boosted the quarterly growth numbers. But economist Shane Oliver told the BBC the numbers were "well below potential". On an annual basis the economy expanded 2.3%, beating expectations for 2.1%. Economic growth in the March quarter of 2014 was 2.9%. "The March quarter GDP [gross domestic product] growth was far better than feared just a few days ago," said Mr Oliver, who is chief economist with AMP Capital in Sydney. "However, Australia is still not out of the woods, as annual growth at 2.3% is well below potential, and a full 0.8% percentage points of the 0.9% growth came from higher inventories and trade." He said domestic demand remained "very weak with consumer spending and home construction only just offsetting the ongoing slump in mining investment". "So the Australian economy has not crashed - as many had feared would happen after the end of the mining boom - but it is continuing to grow at a sub par pace," he added. Australia's economy has been adjusting to a post mining-boom landscape. It saw its economy grow 0.5% in the October to December 2014 period from the quarter before, when growth was 0.4%. On Tuesday, the country's central bank, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), did not cut its lending rates further to help boost the economy, despite pressure from businesses to do so. The decision saw Australian stocks fall 1.72% as investors saw little hope of a further cut in the near future. However, Evan Lucas from IG Markets in Melbourne said "the collapse of [Australian stocks] on the back of the RBA not having an explicit easing bias... was a bit of an overreaction". In May, the RBA cut its benchmark lending rate by 25 basis points to an all-time low of 2%. Rising property prices in Australia's biggest city, Sydney, a strong currency and a drop in iron ore prices were among the reasons for the cut. The May rate cut was the second this year, following a previous 25 basis point cut in February and followed similar action from central banks in China, Canada, Singapore, Korea and India. A rising Australian dollar had also been cause for concern, particularly for Australia's big mining and energy exporters. Mr Oliver said more help would likely to be required "in the form of an even lower Australian dollar - and to ensure this happens the RBA may yet still have to cut interest rates further into record low territory."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Australia's economy grew at a better-than-expected 0.9% in the first quarter of 2015, compared to the previous quarter, boosted by mining together with financial and insurance services.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: But the summer visitor is in decline and, according to a new study, its migratory habits may be to blame. Scientists have tagged birds leaving the UK and believe they take two different routes on their journey to spend the winter in Africa. Surprisingly, survival is lower on the shorter route via Spain, they report in the journal, Nature Communications. And this suggests that migration - as well as other factors such as loss of farmland and insect food - may be to blame for the cuckoo's decline. More than half of cuckoos in the UK have been lost over the past 20 years, according to the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) in Norfolk, which led the research. "That pattern of starting in the same place but taking two very different routes to get there has not been seen before in any birds, to the best of our knowledge," said lead researcher Dr Chris Hewson. "We need to understand the full annual cycle of a migratory bird in order to understand its population decline." Facts about the common cuckoo Source: British Library/RSPB/BTO Since 2011, the BTO has been satellite-tracking cuckoos to study their migration patterns when they leave the UK. Working with the University of Copenhagen, the charitable research institute used satellite tags to track 42 male common cuckoos from the UK population during more than 50 autumn migrations. The researchers found that birds from declining populations were more likely to migrate to winter breeding grounds in central Africa along a western route (through Spain) than along an eastern route (via Italy and the Balkans). The higher mortality occurred before reaching the harsh environment of the Sahara desert, despite the fact that the western route is about a tenth shorter at this point. The scientists think birds may have encountered challenging drought conditions in Spain. Alternatively, they may have been deprived of insect food such as hairy caterpillars before leaving the UK, leaving them with lower fat stores for their hazardous journey. Migratory bird species are increasingly threatened around the world due to factors including climate change, habitat change and habitat loss. Migratory birds 'lack world protection' Understanding where mortality occurs during their annual cycles is therefore increasingly important, especially for long-distance migratory land birds, which show some of the steepest population declines, say the scientists. Follow Helen on Twitter.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

The sound of the first cuckoo in spring is a familiar one in the British countryside.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: The 26-year-old had explored options with Williams and Renault but said on Sunday he was "happy and proud" to be with Force India. He added: "I want to thank all the teams that showed interest. It flatters me incredibly and pushed me to be strong." Force India are currently fourth in the constructors' standings. The team had always insisted they had Perez under contract for 2017 but it took some time to finalise commercial arrangements with the driver and the group of Mexican companies that sponsor both him and the team. Perez's career was hanging by a thread when he was dropped by McLaren after one season with them in 2013 but since joining Force India he has scored four podium finishes to add to the three he achieved with Sauber in 2012. In the process, he has emerged in the last couple of seasons as one of the better-regarded drivers behind the big names in the leading teams and has more than justified his place at the pinnacle of the sport, despite the fact he brings money to a team to secure his place. Both Williams and, particularly, Renault were interested in him, but he has decided that Force India is his best competitive opportunity. The team have one of the smaller budgets in F1 but have impressed in recent years for their ability to produce a competitive car. If they can maintain fourth position this season under pressure from Williams, it would be their best finish since the team were in their original guise as Jordan, who peaked with third place in 1999. Perez's decision leaves only a few loose ends to be tied up in the 2017 F1 driver market. Williams are expected to announce shortly that they are promoting Canadian novice Lance Stroll, who on Sunday won the European Formula 3 championship, to partner their current driver Valtteri Bottas. Brazilian Felipe Massa announced last month that he was retiring at the end of the season, which would leave Renault as the only major team not to have firmed up their drivers. Mercedes, Red Bull and Ferrari are all retaining the same line-ups as this year and McLaren are promoting their reserve driver in Belgian Stoffel Vandoorne to partner two-time champion Fernando Alonso in 2017. Alonso's current team-mate Jenson Button has decided not to race next year. The team have an option to bring him back in 2018 if they want to, but the 2009 champion said at the Malaysian Grand Prix this weekend that it was "quite possible" he would not race in F1 again. Renault have long been expected to promote their French reserve driver Esteban Ocon into one of their cars next season, with both current drivers Kevin Magnussen and Jolyon Palmer under pressure for their seats. But Renault have not yet made their decision and are taking their time. The lack of availability of other drivers means either Magnussen or Palmer may be retained, although that is not believed to be Renault's first choice.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Mexican Sergio Perez is to continue with Force India for a fourth successive season in 2017.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: Kensington and Chelsea Council won an earlier case against Sophie Sotello in the magistrates' court after she refused to comply with the order. When she appealed against the decision, the council dropped its case. It said that it was now satisfied with evidence showing that her son, 11-year-old Gabriel Sotello, was receiving a suitable education. Gabriel Sotello is one of more than 21,000 children on local council records as being home schooled. According to the home education group Ed Yourself numbers have grown rapidly - by 17% between July 2013 and July 2014. Many of these pupils, like Gabriel, have never been to school. Others have been taken out because their parents felt they were being bullied, neglected or were not reaching their potential. Home schooled children do not have to follow the national curriculum or take part in public exams such as GCSEs or A-levels. Mrs Sotello says her role is not to teach Gabriel, but to point him in the right direction. "I wouldn't dream of saying I teach him," she says. "I facilitate, I find the books, I research with them, I give them the power if you like.  It is child centred, finding out what makes them tick." Gabriel initiates much of his own learning and says he is inspired by the freedom to focus on what most interests him. "Freedom is what makes learning still fun," he says. "In home education you can learn at your own pace and you do learn much quicker." Parents give various reasons for shunning school, and taking direct responsibility for educating their children. Jackie Fahy, who organises a weekly meeting in a London park for like-minded parents, says some doubt the worth of the regimented school curriculum. "A lot of children come out of school not prepared. The workplace is changing so rapidly that actually the school system is huge and vast and slow to change.  I'm not sure that children will be prepared for having several careers in a lifetime." Elizabeth Lil - who opted to educate her son and daughter herself - says that as a former teacher she felt that barely a tenth of her time in school was actually benefiting children. "I was a science teacher, I did maths. I've so far used trigonometry once in my adult life. What you learn at school is not necessarily the skills you need for your adult life." These parents complain that councils are exceeding their powers by carrying out routine inspections of the quality of their children's education. They insist that councils should intervene only if they have evidence that something is wrong. But grey areas persist over exactly what councils can or should do. Government guidance is clear that local authorities have no statutory duty to investigate the education children are receiving at home on a routine basis. It says that parents are not legally obliged to cooperate with requests from councils for information. The guidance tells councils not to confuse home education with truancy. But it acknowledges that if councils are concerned then they might impose the sort of school attendance order sent to the Sotellos. In a statement, Kensington and Chelsea Council acknowledged the right of parents to educate their children at home. But it said "when this happens we believe that we have a duty of care to establish that the child is receiving a suitable education".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

A London council has withdrawn an order forcing a mother to send her home educated child to school.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: Donaldson, 41, moved to eight under par at Barseback Golf and Country Club to lead from Italy's Renato Paratore. Englishmen Graeme Storm and Max Orrin, who was tied for the lead on Thursday, are a stroke further back in Malmo. "I made some great escapes and the chipping and putting has been better," said Donaldson. "I've just got to keep doing the same things, don't think too far ahead about winning tournaments as yet because it's only two rounds in." Donaldson, who is looking for a fourth European Tour title, carded five birdies and just his first bogey of the week to take the lead. "I've been playing some nice golf and just not been able to put it all together, the first couple of days here I've been able to do that," added the world number 256. Orrin, who secured a rookie season on the European Tour via the qualifying school, had shared the overnight lead with Paratore, but the 23-year-old could only add a level-par 73 to his opening 68. He and 39-year-old Storm, who is seeking his second win of the season, are joined in tied third by France's Benjamin Hebert.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Wales' Jamie Donaldson will take a two-shot lead into the third round of the Nordea Masters after carding a second successive 69 on Friday.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: There are currently five drop-in clinics in England for victims of the practice, which affects an estimated 200 million women and girls worldwide. But there is no such medical provision in Wales. Now charity Bawso is working to open a pilot clinic at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary to provide medical and psychological help to survivors. In 2014-15 Bawso supported 788 families affected by FGM in Wales which, according to the World Health Organization involves "the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". Bawso's violence against women director Dr Mwenya Chima said: "In the UK there are women's clinics for women who have had FGM, for medical and psychological help. Survivors can just walk in and ask for help. "But in Wales we don't have any of that. We are trying to make a case to health agencies that we need to have this kind of clinic, even if it is initially for one day a week for a year to see if there is a demand." Dr Chima believes there is a big gap in the support provided, and that many survivors of FGM in Wales are not known about. She said: "I worked with a young women recently - a survivor of FGM - who wanted medical help as she was having problems. Although she wanted help she was already in two minds about having anything done as she was going against her parents. "We tried to get her help from the clinic in Bristol, but there were delays because she was outside the area, so in the end it didn't happen and she is still living with these problems now." The call comes as the world marks the international day of zero tolerance to FGM - a UN-sponsored event to raise awareness of the issue. Although it has been illegal to carry out FGM in the UK since 1985, there have been no successful prosecutions relating to the practice, which is carried out for cultural and religious reasons in certain communities.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Campaigners want a dedicated clinic for victims of female genital mutilation (FGM) to be opened in Wales.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: They include strong, stiff plastics and flexible gels that can mend themselves if torn. The findings, reported in the journal Science, could lead to cheaper and greener cars, planes and electronics. It is the first time that durable "thermoset" plastic has been produced in a recyclable form. Dr Jeanette Garcia, from IBM's Almaden Research Center in San Jose, stumbled upon the first new class of thermosets in many years when she accidentally left one of three components out of a reaction. "I had this chunk of plastic, and I had to figure out what it was," Dr Garcia told the BBC. "I had to smash my round-bottomed flask with a hammer." That chunk of plastic, produced from unexpectedly simple ingredients, proved to be tremendously hard and stable. Crucially, it could be digested in acid, reverting to its original components. This digestion reaction allows the chemical building blocks, or monomers, to be reused. "It was definitely fortuitous," Dr Garcia said. "The first thing I did, of course, was to hit the literature, to try and see if it'd been done before. I just assumed that it had been - it's such a simple reaction." But her search turned up nothing. This was new. Once she understood what she had created, Dr Garcia set about repeating her finding. "We wasted a lot of flasks," she said. Because they are strong and light-weight, thermosets are used throughout modern cars and aircraft, often mixed with carbon fibres to form composites. Some 50% of the new Airbus A350 jet, for example, will be made from composites. Yet until now, none of this thermoset plastic could be recycled. "The potential impact here is phenomenal," said Dr Charl Faul, a materials chemist at the University of Bristol. He says the study offers a "very simple, elegant answer to a very old problem". Dr James Hedrick, who was in charge of the research at IBM, is excited by the possiblities. When a large or expensive component is damaged or reaches the end of its useful life, he explained, it could be repaired or recycled instead of thrown away. "The ability to rework saves a tremendous amount of money and mitigates waste." Beyond replacing thermoset-based composites in current technology, Dr Hedrick sees the potential for many more innovative applications. "We're at the discovery phase," he said. "Every time you discover a new polymer-forming reaction it leads to all sorts of new materials." As well as very hard and durable plastics, the researchers adapted their procedure to a different monomer and produced flexible, self-healing gels. These could be useful in anything from cosmetics, to paint, to the design of drug capsules, because of their particular solubility properties. "Applications are running like water," Dr Hedrick said. "We don't even know where to go with this yet."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Researchers have developed a collection of new plastics that are recyclable and adaptable - and the discovery began with a laboratory mistake.


###
Article: Almost one million people visited the city during the six-week festival period over Christmas and Hogmanay. Organisers said almost 890,000 people visited the Edinburgh's Christmas events in 2014/15, contributing £199.5m to the local economy. The three-day Hogmanay celebrations attracted more than 150,000 people, creating an economic impact of £41.8m. Charlie Wood, Edinburgh's Christmas festival director, said: "This is great news for Edinburgh. The revenue generated does not go to the events themselves, the event organisers or to Edinburgh city council. "This is money, which is going to the businesses of Edinburgh, be it retail, accommodation, food, drink, shopping and entertainment."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Edinburgh's winter festivals generated more than £241m for the city, according to organisers.

###
Article: The 25-year-old, from North Ormesby, was shaping metal when a part from the press fell on his foot on 17 March. Teesside Magistrates' Court heard that SM Thompson Limited, of Middlesbrough, had allowed dangerous lifting practices to go unchecked over 10 years. The firm admitted a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) breach and was fined Â£7,500. It must also pay Â£1,120 costs. The hearing heard how the worker had to have the big toe on his left foot amputated and two other toes removed. He was in hospital for seven days but has since returned to work, the hearing heard. HSE inspector Paul Wilson said: "This worker's injuries need not have happened. "The failure of SM Thompson to look properly at the risks involved and then organise the lifting operation properly put staff at needless risk. "This sadly led to the painful and life-changing injuries suffered by this young man."

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A Teesside steel firm has been fined after a worker was crushed by a press and had to have three toes amputated.

###
Article: The colourful phenomenon was visible in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but was also spotted as far south as Anglesey in Wales and Staffordshire in England. Aurora Borealis occurs when electrically-charged particles from the sun enter the earth's atmosphere. Many people took to social media to share photographs of the dramatic show. Forecasters had predicted a solar storm and good conditions for Aurora Borealis, and sightings of green, pink, purple, red and yellow lights were reported for several hours from about 20:00 GMT. Gavin Chambers, an RSPB warden, tweeted pictures of vivid green in the sky over Lake Vyrnwy in Powys, Wales, saying: "Well worth getting back out of bed for!!" Donna Butcher tweeted: "Just been watching an amazing display of Aurora from Staveley, Cumbria. Shafts of light streaming directly towards Polaris." You can email your pictures and video to yourpics@bbc.co.uk, and find out more about the Northern Lights here.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
There have been spectacular displays of the Aurora Borealis - better known as the Northern Lights - across parts of the UK overnight.

###
Article: The astronomer, who presented The Sky At Night for over 50 years, died at his home in Selsey, West Sussex, in December 2012. The monocle will be auctioned later at Christie's, in London. The xylophone - which he used during a Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen - is to be sold at Henry Adams Auctioneers in Chichester. Sir Patrick presented the first edition of The Sky at Night on 24 April 1957. He became famous for his habit of wearing a monocle on screen, as well as his dishevelled and idiosyncratic persona. However, he was a celebrated and gifted astronomer and wrote dozens of books, with his research being used by the US and the Soviet Union in their space programmes. The monocle has a reserve price of £500 - £800 and the xylophone £1,500 - £2,000.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
Sir Patrick Moore's famous monocle and his xylophone are due to be sold at two separate auctions.

###
Article: Two-year-old Sophia set out across her family's property south-east of Melbourne at around 7:30pm on Tuesday. The dog, a one-year-old Australian sheepdog named Poppy, went with her. Police confirmed that Poppy's barking alerted rescuers to the whereabouts of the pair after a seven-hour search. Rescuers found Sophia and Poppy 200m from a dam on the family's property. The Australian Broadcasting Corp. quoted Sophia's grandmother, Vera Cook, who credited the dog with saving the toddler's life. She said that Sophia was wearing just a nappy and T-shirt when she wandered off. "The only thing I was thinking was well, hopefully the dog would have kept her warm," Ms Cook was quoted as saying. "If [the dog] wasn't with her, I don't know whether they would have found her." The family issued a statement thanking emergency services and promising that Poppy would be "well fed this evening".

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.
A pet dog is being credited with keeping a little girl safe after the pair wandered away from their family home and could not be found for hours.

###
Article: He says small companies are not receiving the funding required to grow. "We have been appallingly bad at giving those minnows the long-term capital they need," said Mr Woodford. On the BBC, Tech Talent coverage is asking whether the UK can compete in the global tech industry. The UK is a magnet for entrepreneurs - around a third of them come from abroad. But according to Mr Woodford and others, home-grown tech entrepreneurs are not turning promising starts into leading global companies. Rory Cellan-Jones: Has the UK got Tech Talent? Mapping the UK's digital clusters On Monday, the BBC will look at the vibrant and growing UK tech scene and ask why it has failed to find a Google or Facebook. A variety of reasons have been put forward, including a digital skills shortage, a lack of leadership experience and difficulties in raising finance. Rohan Silva, a tech entrepreneur and former adviser to David Cameron when he was prime minister, says funding for start-ups has "long been seen as a big problem in the UK". "There's two types of funding," he told the BBC. "There's the funding that comes from friends, family and fools: the start-up money - £50,000, £100,000 - to get going. There we've really made a big difference in the UK. We've created the world's most generous tax breaks for that kind of investment." The second type is "scale-up cash" to help companies grow, which is still proving "a big challenge". "There is a big role for government in providing a bunch of that funding, particularly when it comes to research in the laboratory and helping that go to market," he says. Mr Woodford agrees that financing is a major constraint. "We have four of the top 10 universities in the world, 29 of the top 200. We do science and research really, really well in the UK and we're generating lots of little companies," Mr Woodford said. According to him, it is after this stage that the problems emerge. Mr Woodford argues that UK investors are too short-term and do not have the scale to support small technology firms. Hussein Kanji, co-founder of Hoxton Ventures, agrees: "It would still be hard for something like an Uber to be born out of the UK because I don't think there's a financing community that would give Uber the billions of dollars that it has consumed to get to global stage." Others point out that Silicon Valley has had longer to perfect the process. Eileen Burbidge has worked at Apple and Yahoo and is now a venture capitalist based in London. "They [Silicon Valley] did have an ecosystem that was cultivated in the 1940s and 1950s frankly by the US government and the defence industry that were originally in that part of California." One problem, Mr Silva says, is the UK's entrepreneur relief which gives a lower capital gains tax when businessmen and women sell their company. "The problem is this relief perversely encourages you to sell out early. If you did decide to try and build a Google or an Uber in this country, you'd actually pay a much higher tax rate than if you'd sold out and decided to live in a country mansion after a few years." Mr Woodford also believes that UK entrepreneurs have been too quick to sell out once the business gets going. But this is not a path that Taavet Hinrikus, chief executive and co-founder of London based peer-to-peer money transfer service TransferWise, is intending to follow. His company has become what is known as a unicorn - a company set up since 2000 which is now valued at more than $1bn (£770 mn). There are fewer than 20 in the UK. He said he would not sell-up at the moment. "We're just getting started with the company so why should we stop now? What would I do? I'd go on the beach for a day and then I would become incredibly bored and I would have the same urge to change the world for the better. I think starting over would be going backwards," Mr Hinrikus said. Another theory is that universities aren't being supportive enough. "We haven't been as opportunistic, adventurous and entrepreneurial as others," said Annalisa Jenkins, boss of Dimension Therapeutics, a gene therapy innovator. "In the past academics have traditionally viewed success, quite rightly, as their ability to publish their research in leading journals... the notion of turning their inventions into innovations that really drive value for people hasn't really been rewarded and recognised in terms of the culture of our country in the last 20 to 30 years," Ms Jenkins said. You can listen to the packages containing these interviews on the Today Programme on Monday.  Technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones, economics editor Kamal Ahmed and North America technology reporter Dave Lee will all be involved in the coverage of why the UK seemingly cannot match Silicon Valley.

Summarize the above article in 1 sentence.

Investors need to take a long-term view when backing new tech start-ups in the UK according to leading fund manager Neil Woodford, speaking as part of the BBC's Tech Talent coverage.