\documentclass[varwidth=true, border=6pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes,shapes.geometric,positioning,decorations.text}

\begin{document}
\tikzstyle{arrow}=[bend left,->,very thick, line cap=round]
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2cm]
    \node[ellipse,draw,minimum width=80pt,minimum height=20pt,fill=gray!5] (a) {Agent};
    \node[ellipse,draw,minimum width=80pt,minimum height=20pt,fill=gray!5,below of=a] (u) {Umwelt};

    % Arrows
    \draw[arrow,postaction={decorate,decoration={text along path,raise=0.08cm,text align=center,text={Aktion {$a_k$}}}}] (a.east) to node {} (u.east);
    \draw[arrow] (u.west) to node [auto, align=left, text width=1.8cm] {Zustand $x_k$,\newline{}Kosten /\newline{}Belohnung $r_k$} (a.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
