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<img src="grass_logo.png" alt="GRASS logo"><hr align=center size=6 noshade>
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<h2>NAME</h2>
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<em><b>r.li</b></em> - Landscape structure analysis package overview.
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<h2>KEYWORDS</h2>
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-raster, landscape structure analysis, landscape metrics, landscape pattern, landscape analysis
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+raster, landscape structure analysis, landscape metrics,
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+landscape pattern, landscape analysis
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<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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-The <em>r.li</em> suite is a toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure.
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-It aims at replacing the <em>r.le</em> suite of modules through a client-server,
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-multiprocess implementation. External software for quantitative measures of landscape
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-structure is for example FRAGSTATS (McGarigal and Marks 1995).
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-<p>The <em>r.li</em> suite offers a set of patch and diversity indices.
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-It supports analysis of landscapes composed of a mosaic of
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-patches, but, more generally, the modules work with any two-dimensional
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-raster map whose cell values are integer (e.g., 1, 2) or floating point
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-(e.g., 1.1, 3.2) values. The <em>r.li.setup</em> module has options for
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-controlling the shape, size, number, and distribution of sampling
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-areas used to collect information about the landscape structure.
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-Sampling area shapes can be the entire map or a moving
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-window of square, rectangular or with circular shape. The size of
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-sampling areas can be changed, so that the landscape can be analyzed
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-at a variety of spatial scales simultaneously. Sampling areas may be
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-distributed across the landscape in a random, systematic, or
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-stratified-random manner, or as a moving window.
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-<p>The <em>r.li</em> modules can calculate a number of measures that produce
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-single values as output (e.g. mean patch size in the sampling area),
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-as well as measures that produce a distribution of values as output
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-(e.g. frequency distribution of patch sizes in the sampling area). The
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-results are stored as raster maps.
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-
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-<p>The general procedure to calculate an index from a raster map is two-fold:
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+The <em>r.li</em> suite is a toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape
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+structure. It aims at replacing the <em>r.le</em> suite of modules
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+through a client-server, multiprocess implementation. External software
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+for quantitative measures of landscape structure is for example FRAGSTATS
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+(McGarigal and Marks 1995).
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+<p>
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+The <em>r.li</em> suite offers a set of patch and diversity indices. It
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+supports analysis of landscapes composed of a mosaic of patches, but,
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+more generally, the modules work with any two-dimensional raster map
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+whose cell values are integer (e.g., 1, 2) or floating point (e.g., 1.1,
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+3.2) values. The <em>r.li.setup</em> module has options for controlling
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+the shape, size, number, and distribution of sampling areas used to
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+collect information about the landscape structure. Sampling area shapes
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+can be the entire map or a moving window of square, rectangular or with
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+circular shape. The size of sampling areas can be changed, so that the
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+landscape can be analyzed at a variety of spatial scales simultaneously.
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+Sampling areas may be distributed across the landscape in a random,
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+systematic, or stratified-random manner, or as a moving window.
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+<p>
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+The <em>r.li</em> modules can calculate a number of measures that produce
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+single values as output (e.g. mean patch size in the sampling area), as
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+well as measures that produce a distribution of values as output (e.g.
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+frequency distribution of patch sizes in the sampling area). The results
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+are stored as raster maps.
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+
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+<p>
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+The general procedure to calculate an index from a raster map is
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+two-fold:
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<ol>
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-<li>run <em>r.li.setup</em>: create a configuration file selecting the parts of
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- raster to analyze.
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+<li>run <em>r.li.setup</em>: create a configuration file selecting the
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+ parts of raster to analyze.
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-<li>run <em>r.li.'index'</em> (e.g., <em>r.li.patchdensity</em>) for calculate the selected
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- index using on the areas selected on configuration file.
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+<li>run <em>r.li.'index'</em> (e.g., <em>r.li.patchdensity</em>) for
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+ calculate the selected index using on the areas selected on
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+ configuration file.
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</ol>
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-<h2>NOTE</h2>
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-Also the <em>r.li.daemon</em> has a main function and it can be run, but it is only a
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-template for development of new indices.
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+<h2>NOTES</h2>
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+
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+Also the <em>r.li.daemon</em> has a main function and it can be run, but
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+it is only a template for development of new indices.
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<!-- mhh ??: -->
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-The function itself has no meaning, it can be used only for debug.
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+The function itself has no meaning, it can only be used for debugging.
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+
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<h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
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@@ -67,40 +80,42 @@ Spearfish region, using a 5x5 moving window, follow this procedure:
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<ol>
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<li> run
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<div class="code"><pre>
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- r.li.setup
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+ r.li.setup
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</pre></div>
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<li> The main <em>r.li.setup</em> window is displayed, click on "New"
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- <li> Now it is displayed the new configuration window,
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- enter the configuration file name (e.g., "my_conf", do not use absolute paths)
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- and the name of raster map (e.g., "geology").
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- The other fields are not needed for this configuration.
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+ <li> Now it is displayed the new configuration window, enter the
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+ configuration file name (e.g., "my_conf", do not use absolute
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+ paths) and the name of raster map (e.g., "geology"). The other
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+ fields are not needed for this configuration.
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<li> Click on "Setup sampling frame", select "Whole maplayer" and click "OK"
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<li> Click on "Setup sampling areas", select "Moving window" and click "OK"
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<li> Click on "Use keyboard to enter moving window dimension"
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<li> Select "Rectangle" and enter 5 on "heigth" and "width" fields
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<li> Click on "Save settings"
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- <li> Close <em>r.li.setup</em> window
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+ <li> Close the <em>r.li.setup</em> window
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</ol>
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+
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<li> CALCULATE PATCHDENSITY INDEX
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-<ol>
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- <li> set region settings to geology raster map:
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+ <ol>
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+ <li> set the region settings to the "<tt>geology</tt>" raster map:
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<div class="code"><pre>
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- g.region rast=geology -p
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+ g.region rast=geology -p
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</pre></div>
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- <li> run <em>r.li.patchdensity</em>:
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+
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+ <li> run <em>r.li.patchdensity</em>:
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<div class="code"><pre>
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- r.li.patchdensity map=geology conf=my_conf out=patchdens
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+ r.li.patchdensity map=geology conf=my_conf out=patchdens
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</pre></div>
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</ol>
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</ol>
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-The resulting patch density is stored in "patchdens" raster map.
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+The resulting patch density is stored in "<tt>patchdens</tt>" raster map.
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You can verify the result for example with contour lines:
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<div class="code"><pre>
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-r.contour in=patchdens out=patchdens step=5
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-d.rast patchdens
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-d.vect -c patchdens
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+ r.contour in=patchdens out=patchdens step=5
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+ d.rast patchdens
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+ d.vect -c patchdens
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</pre></div>
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Note that if you want to run another index with the same area
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@@ -112,6 +127,7 @@ program rescale it automatically. For instance if you have selected a
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configuration file on a 200x200 raster map, then the sample area is
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10x10.
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+
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<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
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<b>Core modules</b>:
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@@ -127,6 +143,7 @@ configuration file on a 200x200 raster map, then the sample area is
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<li> <a href="r.li.patchdensity.html">r.li.patchdensity</a>: Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm</li>
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<li> <a href="r.li.patchnum.html">r.li.patchnum</a>: Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm</li>
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</ul>
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+
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<li>Indices based on patch dimension:
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="r.li.mps.html">r.li.mps</a>: Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm</li>
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@@ -134,19 +151,23 @@ configuration file on a 200x200 raster map, then the sample area is
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<li> <a href="r.li.padrange.html">r.li.padrange</a>: Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map</li>
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<li> <a href="r.li.padsd.html">r.li.padsd</a>: Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map</li>
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</ul>
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+
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<li>Indices based on patch shape:
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="r.li.shape.html">r.li.shape</a>: Calculates shape index on a raster map</li>
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</ul>
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+
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<li>Indices based on patch edge: <!-- border? -->
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="r.li.edgedensity.html">r.li.edgedensity</a>: Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm</li>
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</ul>
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+
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<li>Indices based on patch attributes:
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="r.li.cwed.html">r.li.cwed</a>: Calculates contrast Weighted Edge Density index on a raster map</li>
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<li> <a href="r.li.mpa.html">r.li.mpa</a>: Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map</li>
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</ul>
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+
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</ul>
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<b>Diversity indices</b>:
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@@ -159,27 +180,45 @@ configuration file on a 200x200 raster map, then the sample area is
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<li> <a href="r.li.simpson.html">r.li.simpson</a>: Calculates Simpson diversity index on a raster map</li>
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</ul>
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+
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<h2>ADDING NEW INDICES</h2>
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-New indices can be defined and implemented by any C programmer, without having to
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-deal with all basic functions (IO etc.). The computing architecture and the functions
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-are clearly separated, thus allowing an easy expandability. Every index is defined
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-separately, placed in a directory along with its Makefile for compiling it and a file
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-description.html which describes the index including a simple example of use.
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+
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+New indices can be defined and implemented by any C programmer, without
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+having to deal with all basic functions (IO etc.). The computing
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+architecture and the functions are clearly separated, thus allowing an
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+easy expandability. Every index is defined separately, placed in a
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+directory along with its Makefile for compiling it and a file
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+<module_name>.html which describes the index including a simple
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+example of use.
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+
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<h2>REFERENCES</h2>
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McGarigal, K., and B. J. Marks. 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern
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analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. USDA For. Serv.
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-Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-351 (<a href="http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr_351.pdf">PDF</a>).
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+Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-351
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+ (<a href="http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr_351.pdf">PDF</a>).
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+
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<h2>AUTHORS</h2>
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+
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<a href="mailto:porta@cli.di.unipi.it">Claudio Porta</a> and
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-<a href="mailto:spano@cli.di.unipi.it">Lucio Davide Spano</a>, students of Computer Science
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-University of Pisa (Italy). <br>
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+<a href="mailto:spano@cli.di.unipi.it">Lucio Davide Spano</a>,
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+ students of Computer Science
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+University of Pisa (Italy).<br>
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Commission from Faunalia Pontedera (PI)<br>
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-<p><i>Last changed: $Date$</i>
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+<p>
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+<i>Last changed: $Date$</i>
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+
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<hr>
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-<p><a href="index.html">Main index</a> - <a href="raster.html">Raster index</a> - <a href="topics.html">Topics index</a> - <a href="keywords.html">Keywords Index</a> - <a href="full_index.html">Full index</a>
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+
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+<p>
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+<a href="index.html">Main index</a>
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+ - <a href="raster.html">Raster index</a>
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+ - <a href="topics.html">Topics index</a>
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+ - <a href="keywords.html">Keywords Index</a>
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+ - <a href="full_index.html">Full index</a>
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+
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</body>
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</html>
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