|
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ on the concept of duality between the field and particle representation of
|
|
|
the modeled quantity. Green's function Monte Carlo method, used to solve the equation,
|
|
|
provides robustness necessary for spatially variable conditions and high
|
|
|
resolutions (Mitas and Mitasova 1998). The key inputs of the model include
|
|
|
-elevation (<i>elevin</i> raster map), flow gradient vector given by
|
|
|
-first-order partial derivatives of elevation field (<i>dxin</i> and <i>dyin</i>
|
|
|
-raster maps), rainfall excess rate (<i>rain</i> raster map or <i>rain_val</i> single
|
|
|
+elevation (<i>elevation</i> raster map), flow gradient vector given by
|
|
|
+first-order partial derivatives of elevation field (<i>dx</i> and <i>dy</i>
|
|
|
+raster maps), rainfall excess rate (<i>rain</i> raster map or <i>rain_value</i> single
|
|
|
value) and a surface roughness coefficient given by Manning's n
|
|
|
-(<i>manin</i> raster map or <i>manin_val</i> single value). Partial
|
|
|
+(<i>man</i> raster map or <i>man_value</i> single value). Partial
|
|
|
derivatives raster maps can be computed along with interpolation of a DEM using
|
|
|
the -d option in <a href="v.surf.rst.html">v.surf.rst</a> module. If elevation raster
|
|
|
map is already provided, partial derivatives can be computed using
|
|
@@ -39,19 +39,19 @@ For saturated soil and steady-state water flow it can be estimated using
|
|
|
saturated hydraulic conductivity rates based on field measurements or using
|
|
|
reference values which can be found in literature.
|
|
|
Optionally, user can provide an overland flow infiltration rate map
|
|
|
-<i>infil</i> or a single value <i>infil_val</i> in [mm/hr] that control the rate of
|
|
|
+<i>infil</i> or a single value <i>infil_value</i> in [mm/hr] that control the rate of
|
|
|
infiltration for the already flowing water, effectively reducing the flow depth and
|
|
|
discharge.
|
|
|
Overland flow can be further controled by permeable check dams or similar type of structures,
|
|
|
the user can provide a map of these structures and their permeability ratio
|
|
|
-in the map <i>traps</i> that defines the probability of particles to pass
|
|
|
+in the map <i>flow_control</i> that defines the probability of particles to pass
|
|
|
through the structure (the values will be 0-1).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
Output includes a water depth raster map <i>depth</i> in [m], and a water discharge
|
|
|
-raster map <i>disch</i> in [m3/s]. Error of the numerical solution can be analyzed using
|
|
|
-the <i>err</i> raster map (the resulting water depth is an average, and err is its RMSE).
|
|
|
-The output vector points map <i>outwalk</i> can be used to analyze and visualize
|
|
|
+raster map <i>discharge</i> in [m3/s]. Error of the numerical solution can be analyzed using
|
|
|
+the <i>error</i> raster map (the resulting water depth is an average, and err is its RMSE).
|
|
|
+The output vector points map <i>output_walkers</i> can be used to analyze and visualize
|
|
|
spatial distribution of walkers at different simulation times (note that
|
|
|
the resulting water depth is based on the density of these walkers).
|
|
|
<!--Number of the output walkers is controled by the <i>density</i> parameter, which controls
|
|
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/conferences/GRASS2002/proceedings/proceedings/pdf
|
|
|
The spatial distribution of numerical error associated with path sampling solution can be
|
|
|
analysed using the output error raster file [m]. This error is a function of the number
|
|
|
of particles used in the simulation and can be reduced by increasing the number of walkers
|
|
|
-given by parameter <i>nwalk</i>.
|
|
|
+given by parameter <i>nwalkers</i>.
|
|
|
<!--(<font color="#ff0000"> toto treba upresnit/zmenit, lebo nwalk ide prec</font>). -->
|
|
|
-Duration of simulation is controled by the <i>niter</i> parameter. The default value
|
|
|
+Duration of simulation is controled by the <i>niterations</i> parameter. The default value
|
|
|
is 10 minutes, reaching the steady-state may require much longer time,
|
|
|
depending on the time step, complexity of terrain, land cover and size of the area.
|
|
|
Output walker, water depth and discharge maps can be saved during simulation using
|
|
|
-the time series flag <i>-t</i> and <i>outiter</i> parameter
|
|
|
+the time series flag <i>-t</i> and <i>output_step</i> parameter
|
|
|
defining the time step in minutes for writing output files.
|
|
|
Files are saved with a suffix representing time since the start of simulation in minutes
|
|
|
(e.g. wdepth.05, wdepth.10).
|
|
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ In case of invalid water depth data the value -1 is used.
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
Overland flow is routed based on partial derivatives of elevation
|
|
|
field or other landscape features influencing water flow. Simulation
|
|
|
-equations include a diffusion term (<i>diffc</i> parameter) which enables
|
|
|
+equations include a diffusion term (<i>diffusion_coeff</i> parameter) which enables
|
|
|
water flow to overcome elevation depressions or obstacles when water depth exceeds
|
|
|
a threshold water depth value (<i>hmax)</i>, given in [m]. When it is reached,
|
|
|
diffusion term increases as given by <i>halpha</i> and advection term
|
|
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ r.mapcalc "infilt = if(elevation.10m, 0.0, null())"
|
|
|
# simulate
|
|
|
r.sim.water elevation=elevation.10m dx=elev_dx dy=elev_dy \
|
|
|
rain=rain man=manning infil=infilt \
|
|
|
- nwalk=5000000 depth=depth
|
|
|
+ nwalkers=5000000 depth=depth
|
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ If the module fails with
|
|
|
ERROR: nwalk (7000001) > maxw (7000000)!
|
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-then a lower <em>nwalk</em> parameter value has to be selected.
|
|
|
+then a lower <em>nwalkers</em> parameter value has to be selected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
|
|