|
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ number (usually less than one), the GRASS output map is of type DCELL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>NOTES</h2>
|
|
<h2>NOTES</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>A<sup>T</sup> least-cost search algorithm</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>A<sup>T</sup> least-cost search algorithm</h3>
|
|
<em>r.watershed</em> uses an A<sup>T</sup> least-cost search algorithm
|
|
<em>r.watershed</em> uses an A<sup>T</sup> least-cost search algorithm
|
|
(see <a href="#references">REFERENCES</a> section) designed to minimize
|
|
(see <a href="#references">REFERENCES</a> section) designed to minimize
|
|
the impact of DEM data errors. Compared to <em>r.terraflow</em>, this
|
|
the impact of DEM data errors. Compared to <em>r.terraflow</em>, this
|
|
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ The algorithm produces results similar to those obtained when running
|
|
<em><a href="r.cost.html">r.cost</a></em> and
|
|
<em><a href="r.cost.html">r.cost</a></em> and
|
|
<em><a href="r.drain.html">r.drain</a></em> on every cell on the map.
|
|
<em><a href="r.drain.html">r.drain</a></em> on every cell on the map.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>Multiple flow direction (MFD)</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>Multiple flow direction (MFD)</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<em>r.watershed</em> offers two methods to calculate surface flow:
|
|
<em>r.watershed</em> offers two methods to calculate surface flow:
|
|
single flow direction (SFD, D8) and multiple flow direction (MFD). With
|
|
single flow direction (SFD, D8) and multiple flow direction (MFD). With
|
|
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ factor of 5 (Holmgren, 1994). If many small sliver basins are created
|
|
with MFD, setting the convergence factor to a higher value can reduce
|
|
with MFD, setting the convergence factor to a higher value can reduce
|
|
the amount of small sliver basins.
|
|
the amount of small sliver basins.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>In-memory mode and disk swap mode</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>In-memory mode and disk swap mode</h3>
|
|
There are two versions of this program: <em>ram</em> and <em>seg</em>.
|
|
There are two versions of this program: <em>ram</em> and <em>seg</em>.
|
|
<em>ram</em> is used by default, <em>seg</em> can be used by setting
|
|
<em>ram</em> is used by default, <em>seg</em> can be used by setting
|
|
the <em>-m</em> flag.
|
|
the <em>-m</em> flag.
|
|
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ regions in mind and may be useful here as an alternative, although disk
|
|
space requirements of <em>r.terraflow</em> are several times higher than
|
|
space requirements of <em>r.terraflow</em> are several times higher than
|
|
of <em>seg</em>.
|
|
of <em>seg</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>Large regions with many cells</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>Large regions with many cells</h3>
|
|
In some situations, the region size (number of cells) may be too large for
|
|
In some situations, the region size (number of cells) may be too large for
|
|
the amount of time or memory available. Running <em>r.watershed</em> may
|
|
the amount of time or memory available. Running <em>r.watershed</em> may
|
|
then require use of a coarser resolution. To make the results more closely
|
|
then require use of a coarser resolution. To make the results more closely
|
|
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ which <em>r.watershed</em> will be run, <em>r.watershed</em> should be run
|
|
using the values from the <em>neighborhood</em> output map layer that
|
|
using the values from the <em>neighborhood</em> output map layer that
|
|
represents the minimum elevation within the region of the coarser cell.
|
|
represents the minimum elevation within the region of the coarser cell.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>Basin threshold</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>Basin threshold</h3>
|
|
The minimum size of drainage basins, defined by the <em>threshold</em>
|
|
The minimum size of drainage basins, defined by the <em>threshold</em>
|
|
parameter, is only relevant for those watersheds with a single stream
|
|
parameter, is only relevant for those watersheds with a single stream
|
|
having at least the <em>threshold</em> of cells flowing into it.
|
|
having at least the <em>threshold</em> of cells flowing into it.
|
|
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ Interior drainage basins can be of any size because the length of
|
|
an interior stream segment is determined by the distance between the
|
|
an interior stream segment is determined by the distance between the
|
|
tributaries flowing into it.
|
|
tributaries flowing into it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>MASK and no data</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>MASK and no data</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <em>r.watershed</em> program does not require the user to have the
|
|
The <em>r.watershed</em> program does not require the user to have the
|
|
current geographic region filled with elevation values. Areas without
|
|
current geographic region filled with elevation values. Areas without
|
|
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ e.g. with <em>r.fillnulls</em>.
|
|
<p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Zero (0) and negative values will be treated as elevation data (not no_data).
|
|
Zero (0) and negative values will be treated as elevation data (not no_data).
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<h4>Further processing of output layers</h4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
+<h3>Further processing of output layers</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Problem areas, i.e. those parts of a basin with a likely underestimate of
|
|
Problem areas, i.e. those parts of a basin with a likely underestimate of
|
|
flow accumulation, can be easily identified with e.g.
|
|
flow accumulation, can be easily identified with e.g.
|