|
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|
|
-<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM>
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em>
|
|
|
performs the first pass in the GRASS two-pass supervised image
|
|
|
classification process;
|
|
|
the GRASS program
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM> executes the second pass.
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em> executes the second pass.
|
|
|
Both programs must be run to generate a classified map in GRASS
|
|
|
raster format.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM> is an interactive program that allows the user to outline
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em> is an interactive program that allows the user to outline
|
|
|
a region on the screen and calculate the spectral signature based on the
|
|
|
cells that are within that region. During this process the user will be
|
|
|
shown a histogram of the region for each image band. The user can also
|
|
@@ -20,38 +20,38 @@ By doing this, the user can see how much of the image
|
|
|
is likely to be put into the class associated with the current signature.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The spectral signatures that result are composed of region means and
|
|
|
covariance matrices. These region means and covariance matrices are used in
|
|
|
-the second pass (<EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM>) to classify
|
|
|
+the second pass (<em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em>) to classify
|
|
|
the image.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Alternatively, the spectral signatures generated by <EM>i.class</EM> can be
|
|
|
+Alternatively, the spectral signatures generated by <em>i.class</em> can be
|
|
|
used for seed means for the clusters in the
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM> program.
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></em> program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<H2>USER INPUTS</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>USER INPUTS</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the command line the user is asked to enter the name of the raster map
|
|
|
to be displayed during the process of outlining regions.
|
|
|
Typically, the user will want to enter the name of a color
|
|
|
composite previously created by
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="r.composite.html">r.composite</A></EM>.
|
|
|
+<em><a href="r.composite.html">r.composite</A></em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
However, the user can enter the name of any existing raster
|
|
|
map. This leaves the potential for using a raster map not
|
|
|
directly derived from the image as a backdrop on which the
|
|
|
user can outline the classes of interest.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-The first screen in the program <EM>i.class</EM> asks the user for the
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.group.html">imagery</A> <EM>group</EM> and <EM>subgroup</EM>
|
|
|
+The first screen in the program <em>i.class</em> asks the user for the
|
|
|
+<a href="i.group.html">imagery</A> <em>group</em> and <em>subgroup</em>
|
|
|
to be analyzed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -68,45 +68,45 @@ SUBGROUP: 123________ (list will show available subgroups)
|
|
|
(OR <Ctrl-C> TO CANCEL)
|
|
|
</PRE></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-The <EM>group</EM> should contain the
|
|
|
+The <em>group</em> should contain the
|
|
|
imagery bands that the user wishes
|
|
|
-to classify. The <EM>subgroup</EM> is a subset of this group.
|
|
|
+to classify. The <em>subgroup</em> is a subset of this group.
|
|
|
The user must create a group and a subgroup by running the GRASS program
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.group.html">i.group</A></EM>
|
|
|
-before running <EM>i.class</EM>. The subgroup should contain
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.group.html">i.group</A></em>
|
|
|
+before running <em>i.class</em>. The subgroup should contain
|
|
|
only the image bands that the user wishes to classify.
|
|
|
Note that this subgroup must contain more than one band.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
After the first screen, the program asks the user for the name of the
|
|
|
resulting signature file. The signature file is both the output file for
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM> and the required input file for the GRASS
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM> module.
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em> and the required input file for the GRASS
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em> module.
|
|
|
It contains the region means and covariance matrices that are used to
|
|
|
-classify an image in <EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM>.
|
|
|
+classify an image in <em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em>.
|
|
|
The signature file will be saved in the
|
|
|
<tt>$MAPSET/group/$GROUP/subgroup/$SUBGROUP/sig/</tt> directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
After entering the resulting signature file name, the user
|
|
|
is asked to enter the name of a seed signature file. This
|
|
|
is optional. A "seed" signature file is a previously
|
|
|
created signature file. Such a seed signature file may be
|
|
|
-the result of an earlier run of <EM>i.class</EM>. The seed
|
|
|
+the result of an earlier run of <em>i.class</em>. The seed
|
|
|
signature file is copied into the new resulting signature
|
|
|
file before any new signatures are added by
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM>. In this way, you can collect the work
|
|
|
-from several sessions with <EM>i.class</EM> into one
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em>. In this way, you can collect the work
|
|
|
+from several sessions with <em>i.class</em> into one
|
|
|
signature file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-At this point the <EM>i.class</EM> graphics screen will be
|
|
|
+At this point the <em>i.class</em> graphics screen will be
|
|
|
drawn on the graphics monitor and the user will be directed
|
|
|
to use the mouse. From this point on the user will
|
|
|
primarily work with the mouse, selecting options from the
|
|
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ menus and outlining regions on the screen. The only time
|
|
|
that the user will need to return to the text terminal is
|
|
|
to enter names for the signatures created.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<H2>THE DISPLAY FRAMES</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>THE DISPLAY FRAMES</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-The display frame layout that <EM>i.class</EM> uses is
|
|
|
+The display frame layout that <em>i.class</em> uses is
|
|
|
represented below for reference.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="code"><PRE>
|
|
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ represented below for reference.
|
|
|
</PRE></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<H2>THE MENUS</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>THE MENUS</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-All of the menus in the <EM>i.class</EM> program are
|
|
|
+All of the menus in the <em>i.class</em> program are
|
|
|
displayed across the bottom of the graphics monitor in the
|
|
|
Menu Frame. To select an option from one of these menus,
|
|
|
simply place the cursor over your selection and press any
|
|
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The Command Menu includes the following selections:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Zoom</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Zoom</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This command allows the user to outline a rectangular
|
|
|
region in either the Map or Zoom Display Frames and the
|
|
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ region is displayed, magnified, to fit in the Zoom Display
|
|
|
Frame. A red rectangle is drawn in the Map Display Frame,
|
|
|
indicating what area the Zoom Display Frame shows.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
To outline the rectangular region simply use any mouse button to anchor
|
|
|
the first corner of the border and then use any button to choose the
|
|
@@ -178,24 +178,24 @@ other corner.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Define region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Define region</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection takes the user to the
|
|
|
-<A HREF="#regionmenu">Region Menu</A>.
|
|
|
+<a href="#regionmenu">Region Menu</A>.
|
|
|
This menu includes the
|
|
|
options that allow the user to outline a region of interest
|
|
|
on the displayed raster map.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Redisplay map</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Redisplay map</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection takes the user to the Redisplay Menu.
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
-<A HREF="#redisplaymenu">Redisplay Menu</A>
|
|
|
+<a href="#redisplaymenu">Redisplay Menu</A>
|
|
|
allows the user to redraw map display
|
|
|
frames.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Analyze region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Analyze region</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection starts the process of analyzing the
|
|
|
currently defined region. A histogram of the defined
|
|
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ data will not fit. In this case, as much of the data as
|
|
|
possible, centered around the mean, will be displayed.
|
|
|
After the histograms are displayed, the user will be given
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
-<A HREF="#signaturemenu">Signature Menu</A>.
|
|
|
+<a href="#signaturemenu">Signature Menu</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Quit</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Quit</em>
|
|
|
<DD>The user should make this selection
|
|
|
-to end the session with <EM>i.class</EM>.
|
|
|
+to end the session with <em>i.class</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -223,11 +223,11 @@ The Region Menu contains the following selections:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Erase region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Erase region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection erases any currently defined
|
|
|
region.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Draw region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Draw region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection allows the user to use the mouse to
|
|
|
draw a region on either the Map or Zoom Display Frame. An
|
|
|
explanation of which mouse buttons to use is displayed in the Menu
|
|
@@ -236,21 +236,21 @@ last line of the region will be added when the user selects the
|
|
|
Complete region option on the Region Menu.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Restore last region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Restore last region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection restores the last region
|
|
|
that was drawn. After a region is completed, it will be saved to be
|
|
|
restored later. Only one previous region is saved.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Complete region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Complete region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection completes the region that is
|
|
|
currently being drawn. As noted above, it saves the complete
|
|
|
region to be restored later, if needed. Once the user has made a
|
|
|
complete region, it can be analyzed with the Analyze Region
|
|
|
-selection on the <A HREF="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
+selection on the <a href="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Done</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Done</em>
|
|
|
<DD>Use this selection to return to the
|
|
|
-<A HREF="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
+<a href="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -262,23 +262,23 @@ to redraw the raster maps displayed in the Map and Zoom Display Frames.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Map geographic region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Map geographic region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection causes the raster map in the Map
|
|
|
Display Frame to be redrawn.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Zoom region</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Zoom region</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection causes the Zoom Display Frame to
|
|
|
be redrawn.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Both</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Both</em>
|
|
|
<DD>This selection causes both the Map and Zoom Display
|
|
|
Frames to be redrawn.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Cancel</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Cancel</em>
|
|
|
<DD>Use this selection if you do not want to redisplay
|
|
|
either of the above regions. The user will be returned to the
|
|
|
-<A HREF="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
+<a href="#commandmenu">Command Menu</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ following selections are available on the Signature Menu:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Set std dev's</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Set std dev's</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection allows the user to set the number of
|
|
|
standard deviations from the mean for the maximum and
|
|
@@ -312,13 +312,13 @@ histograms for each band will be redrawn with the maximum
|
|
|
and minimum range marked.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the number in parentheses on this
|
|
|
selection is the current number of standard deviations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Set color</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Set color</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection allows the user to set the color for the
|
|
|
display of cells that "match" the current signature. The
|
|
@@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ user is presented with a menu of color choices. The color
|
|
|
selected will be used when the Display Matches Menu
|
|
|
selection is made.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the color in parentheses on this selection is the current
|
|
|
color for display.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Display matches</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Display matches</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>This selection displays the cells that "match" the
|
|
|
current signature in the current color. A cell "matches"
|
|
@@ -340,15 +340,15 @@ between the minimum range and maximum range for that band
|
|
|
defined by the number of standard deviations currently
|
|
|
set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<DT><EM>Done</EM>
|
|
|
+<DT><em>Done</em>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>When this selection is chosen, the user will be asked
|
|
|
whether or not he/she would like to save the current
|
|
|
signature. If the user answers with the "Yes" selection,
|
|
|
he/she will be asked to enter a description for the
|
|
|
resultant signature file on the text terminal keyboard.
|
|
|
-The saved signature file description will be used by <EM>
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM> to name the
|
|
|
+The saved signature file description will be used by <em>
|
|
|
+<a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em> to name the
|
|
|
category that is created from the current signature. After
|
|
|
either a "No" answer or the signature description is
|
|
|
entered, the user is returned to the Command Menu.
|
|
@@ -356,74 +356,74 @@ entered, the user is returned to the Command Menu.
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<H2>NOTES</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>NOTES</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM> uses the current MASK to generate the
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em> uses the current MASK to generate the
|
|
|
overlay for cells that match a signature. As a result, if
|
|
|
a MASK already exists it will be removed during the
|
|
|
execution of this program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
The cell values in the image bands cannot fall outside of
|
|
|
-the range of 0 to 255. <EM>i.class</EM> will report an
|
|
|
+the range of 0 to 255. <em>i.class</em> will report an
|
|
|
error if they do.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM>, like some of the other
|
|
|
-<A HREF="imagery.html">imagery</A> programs, does not use the
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em>, like some of the other
|
|
|
+<a href="imagery.html">imagery</A> programs, does not use the
|
|
|
|
|
|
standard GRASS display frames. After running
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM>, you will need to create a display frame
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em>, you will need to create a display frame
|
|
|
(e.g., using
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="d.frame.html">d.frame</A></EM> or
|
|
|
+<em><a href="d.frame.html">d.frame</A></em> or
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="d.erase.html">d.erase</A></EM>)
|
|
|
+<em><a href="d.erase.html">d.erase</A></em>)
|
|
|
before you can use most of the GRASS display (d.) commands.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.group.html">i.group</A></EM>
|
|
|
-must be run before <EM>i.class</EM> to create an
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.group.html">imagery</A> group and a subgroup
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.group.html">i.group</A></em>
|
|
|
+must be run before <em>i.class</em> to create an
|
|
|
+<a href="i.group.html">imagery</A> group and a subgroup
|
|
|
containing the image bands to be classified.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
The user can perform a supervised image classification by
|
|
|
-running <EM>i.class</EM> followed by
|
|
|
+running <em>i.class</em> followed by
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM>.
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The user can perform an unsupervised classification
|
|
|
by running
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM> followed by
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></em> followed by
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></EM>.
|
|
|
+<em><a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A></em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
-<EM>i.class</EM> is interactive and requires the user to be running
|
|
|
-a graphics display monitor (see <EM><A HREF="d.mon.html">d.mon</A></EM>)
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+<em>i.class</em> is interactive and requires the user to be running
|
|
|
+a graphics display monitor (see <em><a href="d.mon.html">d.mon</A></em>)
|
|
|
to run this program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
|
|
|
+<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
The GRASS 4 <em>
|
|
|
-<A HREF="http://grass.itc.it/gdp/imagery/grass4_image_processing.pdf">Image
|
|
|
-Processing manual</A></EM>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<P>
|
|
|
-<EM><A HREF="d.frame.html">d.frame</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="d.mon.html">d.mon</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="g.region.html">g.region</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.cca.html">i.cca</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="r.composite.html">r.composite</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.group.html">i.group</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A>,
|
|
|
-<A HREF="r.mapcalc.html">r.mapcalc</A></EM>
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
|
|
|
+<a href="http://grass.itc.it/gdp/imagery/grass4_image_processing.pdf">Image
|
|
|
+Processing manual</A></em>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+<em><a href="d.frame.html">d.frame</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="d.mon.html">d.mon</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="g.region.html">g.region</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="i.cca.html">i.cca</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="r.composite.html">r.composite</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="i.group.html">i.group</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="i.maxlik.html">i.maxlik</A>,
|
|
|
+<a href="r.mapcalc.html">r.mapcalc</A></em>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<h2>AUTHOR</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
David Satnik,
|
|
|
Central Washington University
|