/*!
   \file intersect.c

   \brief Vector library - intersection

   Higher level functions for reading/writing/manipulating vectors.

   (C) 2001-2008 by the GRASS Development Team

   This program is free software under the 
   GNU General Public License (>=v2). 
   Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
   for details.

   \author Original author CERL, probably Dave Gerdes or Mike Higgins.
   Update to GRASS 5.7 Radim Blazek.

   \date 2001-2008
 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <grass/gis.h>
#include <grass/Vect.h>
#include <grass/glocale.h>

/* function prototypes */
static int cmp_cross(const void *pa, const void *pb);
static void add_cross(int asegment, double adistance, int bsegment,
		      double bdistance, double x, double y);
static double dist2(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2);

#if 0
static int ident(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double thresh);
#endif
static int cross_seg(int id, int *arg);
static int find_cross(int id, int *arg);


/* Some parts of code taken from grass50 v.spag/linecros.c
 * 
 * Based on the following:
 * 
 *     (ax2-ax1)r1 - (bx2-bx1)r2 = ax2 - ax1
 *     (ay2-ay1)r1 - (by2-by1)r2 = ay2 - ay1
 * 
 * Solving for r1 and r2, if r1 and r2 are between 0 and 1,
 * then line segments (ax1,ay1)(ax2,ay2) and (bx1,by1)(bx2,by2)
 * intersect
 * ****************************************************************/

#define D  ((ax2-ax1)*(by1-by2) - (ay2-ay1)*(bx1-bx2))
#define D1 ((bx1-ax1)*(by1-by2) - (by1-ay1)*(bx1-bx2))
#define D2 ((ax2-ax1)*(by1-ay1) - (ay2-ay1)*(bx1-ax1))

/* Intersect 2 line segments.
 *
 *  Returns: 0 - do not intersect
 *           1 - intersect at one point
 *                 \  /    \  /  \  /
 *                  \/      \/    \/
 *                  /\             \
 *                 /  \             \
 *           2 - partial overlap         ( \/                      )
 *                ------      a          (    distance < threshold )
 *                   ------   b          (                         )
 *           3 - a contains b            ( /\                      )
 *                ----------  a    ----------- a
 *                   ----     b          ----- b
 *           4 - b contains a
 *                   ----     a          ----- a
 *                ----------  b    ----------- b
 *           5 - identical
 *                ----------  a
 *                ----------  b
 *
 *  Intersection points: 
 *  return  point1 breakes: point2 breaks:    distance1 on:   distance2 on:
 *     0        -              -                  -              -  
 *     1        a,b            -                  a              b
 *     2        a              b                  a              b
 *     3        a              a                  a              a
 *     4        b              b                  b              b
 *     5        -              -                  -              -
 *     
 *  Sometimes (often) is important to get the same coordinates for a x b and b x a.
 *  To reach this, the segments a,b are 'sorted' at the beginning, so that for the same switched segments,
 *  results are identical. (reason is that double values are always rounded because of limited number
 *  of decimal places and for different order of coordinates, the results would be different)
 *     
 */

/*!
 * \brief Check for intersect of 2 line segments.
 *
 * \param[in] ax1,ay1,az1,ax2,ay2,az2 input line a
 * \param[in] bx1,by1,bz1,bx2,by2,bz2 input line b
 * \param[out] x1,y1,z1 intersection point1 (case 2-4)
 * \param[out] x2,y2,z2 intersection point2 (case 2-4)
 * \param[in] with_z use z coordinate (3D) (TODO)
 *
 * \return 0 - do not intersect,
 * \return 1 - intersect at one point,
 * \return 2 - partial overlap,
 * \return 3 - a contains b,
 * \return 4 - b contains a,
 * \return 5 - identical
 */
int Vect_segment_intersection(double ax1, double ay1, double az1, double ax2,
			      double ay2, double az2, double bx1, double by1,
			      double bz1, double bx2, double by2, double bz2,
			      double *x1, double *y1, double *z1, double *x2,
			      double *y2, double *z2, int with_z)
{
    static int first_3d = 1;
    double d, d1, d2, r1, r2, dtol, t;
    int switched = 0;

    /* TODO: Works for points ? */

    G_debug(4, "Vect_segment_intersection()");
    G_debug(4, "    %.15g , %.15g  - %.15g , %.15g", ax1, ay1, ax2, ay2);
    G_debug(4, "    %.15g , %.15g  - %.15g , %.15g", bx1, by1, bx2, by2);

    /* TODO 3D */
    if (with_z && first_3d) {
	G_warning(_("3D not supported by Vect_segment_intersection()"));
	first_3d = 0;
    }

    /* Check identical lines */
    if ((ax1 == bx1 && ay1 == by1 && ax2 == bx2 && ay2 == by2) ||
	(ax1 == bx2 && ay1 == by2 && ax2 == bx1 && ay2 == by1)) {
	G_debug(2, " -> identical segments");
	*x1 = ax1;
	*y1 = ay1;
	*z1 = az1;
	*x2 = ax2;
	*y2 = ay2;
	*z2 = az2;
	return 5;
    }

    /*  'Sort' lines by x1, x2, y1, y2 */
    if (bx1 < ax1)
	switched = 1;
    else if (bx1 == ax1) {
	if (bx2 < ax2)
	    switched = 1;
	else if (bx2 == ax2) {
	    if (by1 < ay1)
		switched = 1;
	    else if (by1 == ay1) {
		if (by2 < ay2)
		    switched = 1;	/* by2 != ay2 (would be identical */
	    }
	}
    }
    if (switched) {
	t = ax1;
	ax1 = bx1;
	bx1 = t;
	t = ay1;
	ay1 = by1;
	by1 = t;
	t = ax2;
	ax2 = bx2;
	bx2 = t;
	t = ay2;
	ay2 = by2;
	by2 = t;
    }

    d = D;
    d1 = D1;
    d2 = D2;

    G_debug(2, "Vect_segment_intersection(): d = %f, d1 = %f, d2 = %f", d, d1,
	    d2);

    /* TODO: dtol was originaly set to 1.0e-10, which was usualy working but not always. 
     *       Can it be a problem to set the tolerance to 0.0 ? */
    dtol = 0.0;
    if (fabs(d) > dtol) {
	r1 = D1 / d;
	r2 = D2 / d;

	G_debug(2, " -> not parallel/collinear: r1 = %f, r2 = %f", r1, r2);

	if (r1 < 0 || r1 > 1 || r2 < 0 || r2 > 1) {
	    G_debug(2, "  -> no intersection");
	    return 0;
	}

	*x1 = ax1 + r1 * (ax2 - ax1);
	*y1 = ay1 + r1 * (ay2 - ay1);
	*z1 = 0;

	G_debug(2, "  -> intersection %f, %f", *x1, *y1);
	return 1;
    }

    /* segments are parallel or collinear */
    G_debug(3, " -> parallel/collinear");

    if (D1 || D2) {		/* lines are parallel */
	G_debug(2, "  -> parallel");
	return 0;
    }

    /* segments are colinear. check for overlap */

    /* Collinear vertical */
    /* original code assumed lines were not both vertical
     *  so there is a special case if they are */
    if (ax1 == ax2 && bx1 == bx2 && ax1 == bx1) {
	G_debug(2, "  -> collinear vertical");
	if (ay1 > ay2) {
	    t = ay1;
	    ay1 = ay2;
	    ay2 = t;
	}			/* to be sure that ay1 < ay2 */
	if (by1 > by2) {
	    t = by1;
	    by1 = by2;
	    by2 = t;
	}			/* to be sure that by1 < by2 */
	if (ay1 > by2 || ay2 < by1) {
	    G_debug(2, "   -> no intersection");
	    return 0;
	}

	/* end points */
	if (ay1 == by2) {
	    *x1 = ax1;
	    *y1 = ay1;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    G_debug(2, "   -> connected by end points");
	    return 1;		/* endpoints only */
	}
	if (ay2 == by1) {
	    *x1 = ax2;
	    *y1 = ay2;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    G_debug(2, "    -> connected by end points");
	    return 1;		/* endpoints only */
	}

	/* heneral overlap */
	G_debug(3, "   -> vertical overlap");
	/* a contains b */
	if (ay1 <= by1 && ay2 >= by2) {
	    G_debug(2, "    -> a contains b");
	    *x1 = bx1;
	    *y1 = by1;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = bx2;
	    *y2 = by2;
	    *z2 = 0;
	    if (!switched)
		return 3;
	    else
		return 4;
	}
	/* b contains a */
	if (ay1 >= by1 && ay2 <= by2) {
	    G_debug(2, "    -> b contains a");
	    *x1 = ax1;
	    *y1 = ay1;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = ax2;
	    *y2 = ay2;
	    *z2 = 0;
	    if (!switched)
		return 4;
	    else
		return 3;
	}

	/* general overlap, 2 intersection points */
	G_debug(2, "    -> partial overlap");
	if (by1 > ay1 && by1 < ay2) {	/* b1 in a */
	    if (!switched) {
		*x1 = bx1;
		*y1 = by1;
		*z1 = 0;
		*x2 = ax2;
		*y2 = ay2;
		*z2 = 0;
	    }
	    else {
		*x1 = ax2;
		*y1 = ay2;
		*z1 = 0;
		*x2 = bx1;
		*y2 = by1;
		*z2 = 0;
	    }
	    return 2;
	}
	if (by2 > ay1 && by2 < ay2) {	/* b2 in a */
	    if (!switched) {
		*x1 = bx2;
		*y1 = by2;
		*z1 = 0;
		*x2 = ax1;
		*y2 = ay1;
		*z2 = 0;
	    }
	    else {
		*x1 = ax1;
		*y1 = ay1;
		*z1 = 0;
		*x2 = bx2;
		*y2 = by2;
		*z2 = 0;
	    }
	    return 2;
	}

	/* should not be reached */
	G_warning(_("Vect_segment_intersection() ERROR (collinear vertical segments)"));
	G_warning("%.15g %.15g", ax1, ay1);
	G_warning("%.15g %.15g", ax2, ay2);
	G_warning("x");
	G_warning("%.15g %.15g", bx1, by1);
	G_warning("%.15g %.15g", bx2, by2);

	return 0;
    }

    G_debug(2, "   -> collinear non vertical");

    /* Collinear non vertical */
    if ((bx1 > ax1 && bx2 > ax1 && bx1 > ax2 && bx2 > ax2) ||
	(bx1 < ax1 && bx2 < ax1 && bx1 < ax2 && bx2 < ax2)) {
	G_debug(2, "   -> no intersection");
	return 0;
    }

    /* there is overlap or connected end points */
    G_debug(2, "   -> overlap/connected end points");

    /* end points */
    if ((ax1 == bx1 && ay1 == by1) || (ax1 == bx2 && ay1 == by2)) {
	*x1 = ax1;
	*y1 = ay1;
	*z1 = 0;
	G_debug(2, "    -> connected by end points");
	return 1;
    }
    if ((ax2 == bx1 && ay2 == by1) || (ax2 == bx2 && ay2 == by2)) {
	*x1 = ax2;
	*y1 = ay2;
	*z1 = 0;
	G_debug(2, "    -> connected by end points");
	return 1;
    }

    if (ax1 > ax2) {
	t = ax1;
	ax1 = ax2;
	ax2 = t;
	t = ay1;
	ay1 = ay2;
	ay2 = t;
    }				/* to be sure that ax1 < ax2 */
    if (bx1 > bx2) {
	t = bx1;
	bx1 = bx2;
	bx2 = t;
	t = by1;
	by1 = by2;
	by2 = t;
    }				/* to be sure that bx1 < bx2 */

    /* a contains b */
    if (ax1 <= bx1 && ax2 >= bx2) {
	G_debug(2, "    -> a contains b");
	*x1 = bx1;
	*y1 = by1;
	*z1 = 0;
	*x2 = bx2;
	*y2 = by2;
	*z2 = 0;
	if (!switched)
	    return 3;
	else
	    return 4;
    }
    /* b contains a */
    if (ax1 >= bx1 && ax2 <= bx2) {
	G_debug(2, "    -> b contains a");
	*x1 = ax1;
	*y1 = ay1;
	*z1 = 0;
	*x2 = ax2;
	*y2 = ay2;
	*z2 = 0;
	if (!switched)
	    return 4;
	else
	    return 3;
    }

    /* general overlap, 2 intersection points (lines are not vertical) */
    G_debug(2, "    -> partial overlap");
    if (bx1 > ax1 && bx1 < ax2) {	/* b1 is in a */
	if (!switched) {
	    *x1 = bx1;
	    *y1 = by1;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = ax2;
	    *y2 = ay2;
	    *z2 = 0;
	}
	else {
	    *x1 = ax2;
	    *y1 = ay2;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = bx1;
	    *y2 = by1;
	    *z2 = 0;
	}
	return 2;
    }
    if (bx2 > ax1 && bx2 < ax2) {	/* b2 is in a */
	if (!switched) {
	    *x1 = bx2;
	    *y1 = by2;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = ax1;
	    *y2 = ay1;
	    *z2 = 0;
	}
	else {
	    *x1 = ax1;
	    *y1 = ay1;
	    *z1 = 0;
	    *x2 = bx2;
	    *y2 = by2;
	    *z2 = 0;
	}
	return 2;
    }

    /* should not be reached */
    G_warning(_("Vect_segment_intersection() ERROR (collinear non vertical segments)"));
    G_warning("%.15g %.15g", ax1, ay1);
    G_warning("%.15g %.15g", ax2, ay2);
    G_warning("x");
    G_warning("%.15g %.15g", bx1, by1);
    G_warning("%.15g %.15g", bx2, by2);

    return 0;
}

typedef struct
{				/* in arrays 0 - A line , 1 - B line */
    int segment[2];		/* segment number, start from 0 for first */
    double distance[2];
    double x, y, z;
} CROSS;

/* Current line in arrays is for some functions like cmp() set by: */
static int current;
static int second;		/* line whic is not current */

static int a_cross = 0;
static int n_cross;
static CROSS *cross = NULL;
static int *use_cross = NULL;

static void add_cross(int asegment, double adistance, int bsegment,
		      double bdistance, double x, double y)
{
    if (n_cross == a_cross) {
	/* Must be space + 1, used later for last line point, do it better */
	cross =
	    (CROSS *) G_realloc((void *)cross,
				(a_cross + 101) * sizeof(CROSS));
	use_cross =
	    (int *)G_realloc((void *)use_cross,
			     (a_cross + 101) * sizeof(int));
	a_cross += 100;
    }

    G_debug(5,
	    "  add new cross: aseg/dist = %d/%f bseg/dist = %d/%f, x = %f y = %f",
	    asegment, adistance, bsegment, bdistance, x, y);
    cross[n_cross].segment[0] = asegment;
    cross[n_cross].distance[0] = adistance;
    cross[n_cross].segment[1] = bsegment;
    cross[n_cross].distance[1] = bdistance;
    cross[n_cross].x = x;
    cross[n_cross].y = y;
    n_cross++;
}

static int cmp_cross(const void *pa, const void *pb)
{
    CROSS *p1 = (CROSS *) pa;
    CROSS *p2 = (CROSS *) pb;

    if (p1->segment[current] < p2->segment[current])
	return -1;
    if (p1->segment[current] > p2->segment[current])
	return 1;
    /* the same segment */
    if (p1->distance[current] < p2->distance[current])
	return -1;
    if (p1->distance[current] > p2->distance[current])
	return 1;
    return 0;
}

static double dist2(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
{
    double dx, dy;

    dx = x2 - x1;
    dy = y2 - y1;
    return (dx * dx + dy * dy);
}

#if 0
/* returns 1 if points are identical */
static int ident(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double thresh)
{
    double dx, dy;

    dx = x2 - x1;
    dy = y2 - y1;
    if ((dx * dx + dy * dy) <= thresh * thresh)
	return 1;

    return 0;
}
#endif

/* shared by Vect_line_intersection, Vect_line_check_intersection, cross_seg, find_cross */
static struct line_pnts *APnts, *BPnts;

/* break segments (called by rtree search) */
static int cross_seg(int id, int *arg)
{
    double x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2;
    int i, j, ret;

    /* !!! segment number for B lines is returned as +1 */
    i = *arg;
    j = id - 1;
    /* Note: -1 to make up for the +1 when data was inserted */

    ret = Vect_segment_intersection(APnts->x[i], APnts->y[i], APnts->z[i],
				    APnts->x[i + 1], APnts->y[i + 1],
				    APnts->z[i + 1], BPnts->x[j], BPnts->y[j],
				    BPnts->z[j], BPnts->x[j + 1],
				    BPnts->y[j + 1], BPnts->z[j + 1], &x1,
				    &y1, &z1, &x2, &y2, &z2, 0);

    /* add ALL (including end points and duplicates), clean later */
    if (ret > 0) {
	G_debug(2, "  -> %d x %d: intersection type = %d", i, j, ret);
	if (ret == 1) {		/* one intersection on segment A */
	    G_debug(3, "    in %f, %f ", x1, y1);
	    add_cross(i, 0.0, j, 0.0, x1, y1);
	}
	else if (ret == 2 || ret == 3 || ret == 4 || ret == 5) {
	    /*  partial overlap; a broken in one, b broken in one
	     *  or a contains b; a is broken in 2 points (but 1 may be end)
	     *  or b contains a; b is broken in 2 points (but 1 may be end) 
	     *  or identical */
	    G_debug(3, "    in %f, %f; %f, %f", x1, y1, x2, y2);
	    add_cross(i, 0.0, j, 0.0, x1, y1);
	    add_cross(i, 0.0, j, 0.0, x2, y2);
	}
    }
    return 1;			/* keep going */
}

/*!
 * \brief Intersect 2 lines.
 *
 * Creates array of new lines created from original A line, by
 * intersection with B line. Points (Points->n_points == 1) are not
 * supported.
 *
 * \param[in] APoints first input line 
 * \param[in] BPoints second input line 
 * \param[out] ALines array of new lines created from original A line
 * \param[out] BLines array of new lines created from original B line
 * \param[out] nalines number of new lines (ALines)
 * \param[out] nblines number of new lines (BLines)
 * \param[in] with_z 3D, not supported!
 *
 * \return 0 no intersection 
 * \return 1 intersection found
 */
int
Vect_line_intersection(struct line_pnts *APoints,
		       struct line_pnts *BPoints,
		       struct line_pnts ***ALines,
		       struct line_pnts ***BLines,
		       int *nalines, int *nblines, int with_z)
{
    int i, j, k, l, last_seg, seg, last;
    int n_alive_cross;
    double dist, curdist, last_dist, last_x, last_y, last_z;
    double x, y, rethresh;
    struct Rect rect;
    struct line_pnts **XLines, *Points;
    struct Node *RTree;
    struct line_pnts *Points1, *Points2;	/* first, second points */
    int seg1, seg2, vert1, vert2;

    n_cross = 0;
    rethresh = 0.000001;	/* TODO */
    APnts = APoints;
    BPnts = BPoints;

    /* RE (representation error).
     *  RE thresh above is nonsense of course, the RE threshold should be based on
     *  number of significant digits for double (IEEE-754) which is 15 or 16 and exponent. 
     *  The number above is in fact not required threshold, and will not work
     *  for example: equator length is 40.075,695 km (8 digits), units are m (+3) 
     *  and we want precision in mm (+ 3) = 14 -> minimum rethresh may be around 0.001
     *  ?Maybe all nonsense? */

    /* Warning: This function is also used to intersect the line by itself i.e. APoints and
     * BPoints are identical. I am not sure if it is clever, but it seems to work, but
     * we have to keep this in mind and handle some special cases (maybe) */

    /* TODO: 3D, RE threshold, GV_POINTS (line x point) */

    /* Take each segment from A and intersect by each segment from B.
     *  
     *  All intersections are found first and saved to array, then sorted by a distance along the line,
     *  and then the line is split to pieces.
     *
     *  Note: If segments are collinear, check if previous/next segments are also collinear, 
     *  in that case do not break:
     *  +----------+  
     *  +----+-----+  etc.
     *  doesn't need to be broken 
     *
     *  Note: If 2 adjacent segments of line B have common vertex exactly (or within thresh) on line A,
     *  intersection points for these B segments may differ due to RE:
     *  ------------ a       ----+--+----            ----+--+----
     *      /\         =>       /    \     or maybe       \/
     *  b0 /  \ b1             /      \      even:        /\     
     *
     *  -> solution: snap all breaks to nearest vertices first within RE threshold
     *  
     *  Question: Snap all breaks to each other within RE threshold?
     *
     *  Note: If a break is snapped to end point or two breaks are snapped to the same vertex
     *        resulting new line is degenerated => before line is added to array, it must be checked
     *        if line is not degenerated
     *
     *  Note: to snap to vertices is important for cases where line A is broken by B and C line
     *  at the same point:
     *   \  /  b   no snap     \    /
     *    \/       could    ----+--+----
     *  ------ a   result   
     *    /\       in ?:         /\
     *   /  \  c                /  \
     * 
     *  Note: once we snap breaks to vertices, we have to do that for both lines A and B in the same way
     *  and because we cannot be sure that A childrens will not change a bit by break(s) 
     *  we have to break both A and B  at once i.e. in one Vect_line_intersection () call.
     */

    /* Spatial index: lines may be very long (thousands of segments) and check each segment 
     *  with each from second line takes a long time (n*m). Because of that, spatial index
     *  is build first for the second line and segments from the first line are broken by segments
     *  in bound box */

    /* Create rtree for B line */
    RTree = RTreeNewIndex();
    for (i = 0; i < BPoints->n_points - 1; i++) {
	if (BPoints->x[i] <= BPoints->x[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[0] = BPoints->x[i];
	    rect.boundary[3] = BPoints->x[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[0] = BPoints->x[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[3] = BPoints->x[i];
	}

	if (BPoints->y[i] <= BPoints->y[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[1] = BPoints->y[i];
	    rect.boundary[4] = BPoints->y[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[1] = BPoints->y[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[4] = BPoints->y[i];
	}

	if (BPoints->z[i] <= BPoints->z[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[2] = BPoints->z[i];
	    rect.boundary[5] = BPoints->z[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[2] = BPoints->z[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[5] = BPoints->z[i];
	}

	RTreeInsertRect(&rect, i + 1, &RTree, 0);	/* B line segment numbers in rtree start from 1 */
    }

    /* Break segments in A by segments in B */
    for (i = 0; i < APoints->n_points - 1; i++) {
	if (APoints->x[i] <= APoints->x[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[0] = APoints->x[i];
	    rect.boundary[3] = APoints->x[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[0] = APoints->x[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[3] = APoints->x[i];
	}

	if (APoints->y[i] <= APoints->y[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[1] = APoints->y[i];
	    rect.boundary[4] = APoints->y[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[1] = APoints->y[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[4] = APoints->y[i];
	}
	if (APoints->z[i] <= APoints->z[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[2] = APoints->z[i];
	    rect.boundary[5] = APoints->z[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[2] = APoints->z[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[5] = APoints->z[i];
	}

	j = RTreeSearch(RTree, &rect, (void *)cross_seg, &i);	/* A segment number from 0 */
    }

    /* Free RTree */
    RTreeDestroyNode(RTree);

    G_debug(2, "n_cross = %d", n_cross);
    /* Lines do not cross each other */
    if (n_cross == 0) {
	*nalines = 0;
	*nblines = 0;
	return 0;
    }

    /* Snap breaks to nearest vertices within RE threshold */
    for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	/* 1. of A seg */
	seg = cross[i].segment[0];
	curdist =
	    dist2(cross[i].x, cross[i].y, APoints->x[seg], APoints->y[seg]);
	x = APoints->x[seg];
	y = APoints->y[seg];

	/* 2. of A seg */
	dist =
	    dist2(cross[i].x, cross[i].y, APoints->x[seg + 1],
		  APoints->y[seg + 1]);
	if (dist < curdist) {
	    curdist = dist;
	    x = APoints->x[seg + 1];
	    y = APoints->y[seg + 1];
	}

	/* 1. of B seg */
	seg = cross[i].segment[1];
	dist =
	    dist2(cross[i].x, cross[i].y, BPoints->x[seg], BPoints->y[seg]);
	if (dist < curdist) {
	    curdist = dist;
	    x = BPoints->x[seg];
	    y = BPoints->y[seg];
	}
	dist = dist2(cross[i].x, cross[i].y, BPoints->x[seg + 1], BPoints->y[seg + 1]);	/* 2. of B seg */
	if (dist < curdist) {
	    curdist = dist;
	    x = BPoints->x[seg + 1];
	    y = BPoints->y[seg + 1];
	}
	if (curdist < rethresh * rethresh) {
	    cross[i].x = x;
	    cross[i].y = y;
	}
    }

    /* Calculate distances along segments */
    for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	seg = cross[i].segment[0];
	cross[i].distance[0] =
	    dist2(APoints->x[seg], APoints->y[seg], cross[i].x, cross[i].y);
	seg = cross[i].segment[1];
	cross[i].distance[1] =
	    dist2(BPoints->x[seg], BPoints->y[seg], cross[i].x, cross[i].y);
    }

    /* l = 1 ~ line A, l = 2 ~ line B */
    for (l = 1; l < 3; l++) {
	for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++)
	    use_cross[i] = 1;

	/* Create array of lines */
	XLines = G_malloc((n_cross + 1) * sizeof(struct line_pnts *));

	if (l == 1) {
	    G_debug(2, "Clean and create array for line A");
	    Points = APoints;
	    Points1 = APoints;
	    Points2 = BPoints;
	    current = 0;
	    second = 1;
	}
	else {
	    G_debug(2, "Clean and create array for line B");
	    Points = BPoints;
	    Points1 = BPoints;
	    Points2 = APoints;
	    current = 1;
	    second = 0;
	}

	/* Sort points along lines */
	qsort((void *)cross, sizeof(char) * n_cross, sizeof(CROSS),
	      cmp_cross);

	/* Print all (raw) breaks */
	for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	    G_debug(3,
		    "  cross = %d seg1/dist1 = %d/%f seg2/dist2 = %d/%f x = %f y = %f",
		    i, cross[i].segment[current],
		    sqrt(cross[i].distance[current]),
		    cross[i].segment[second], sqrt(cross[i].distance[second]),
		    cross[i].x, cross[i].y);
	}

	/* Remove breaks on first/last line vertices */
	for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	    if (use_cross[i] == 1) {
		j = Points1->n_points - 1;

		/* Note: */
		if ((cross[i].segment[current] == 0 &&
		     cross[i].x == Points1->x[0] &&
		     cross[i].y == Points1->y[0]) ||
		    (cross[i].segment[current] == j - 1 &&
		     cross[i].x == Points1->x[j] &&
		     cross[i].y == Points1->y[j])) {
		    use_cross[i] = 0;	/* first/last */
		    G_debug(3, "cross %d deleted (first/last point)", i);
		}
	    }
	}

	/* Remove breaks with collinear previous and next segments on 1 and 2 */
	/* Note: breaks with collinear previous and nex must be remove duplicates,
	 *        otherwise some cross may be lost. Example (+ is vertex):
	 *             B          first cross intersections: A/B  segment:
	 *             |               0/0, 0/1, 1/0, 1/1 - collinear previous and next
	 *     AB -----+----+--- A     0/4, 0/5, 1/4, 1/5 - OK        
	 *              \___|                   
	 *                B                    
	 *  This should not inluence that break is always on first segment, see below (I hope)
	 */
	/* TODO: this doesn't find identical with breaks on revious/next */
	for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	    if (use_cross[i] == 0)
		continue;
	    G_debug(3, "  is %d between colinear?", i);

	    seg1 = cross[i].segment[current];
	    seg2 = cross[i].segment[second];

	    /* Is it vertex on 1, which? */
	    if (cross[i].x == Points1->x[seg1] &&
		cross[i].y == Points1->y[seg1]) {
		vert1 = seg1;
	    }
	    else if (cross[i].x == Points1->x[seg1 + 1] &&
		     cross[i].y == Points1->y[seg1 + 1]) {
		vert1 = seg1 + 1;
	    }
	    else {
		G_debug(3, "  -> is not vertex on 1. line");
		continue;
	    }

	    /* Is it vertex on 2, which? */
	    /* For 1. line it is easy, because breaks on vertex are always at end vertex
	     *  for 2. line we need to find which vertex is on break if any (vert2 starts from 0) */
	    if (cross[i].x == Points2->x[seg2] &&
		cross[i].y == Points2->y[seg2]) {
		vert2 = seg2;
	    }
	    else if (cross[i].x == Points2->x[seg2 + 1] &&
		     cross[i].y == Points2->y[seg2 + 1]) {
		vert2 = seg2 + 1;
	    }
	    else {
		G_debug(3, "  -> is not vertex on 2. line");
		continue;
	    }
	    G_debug(3, "    seg1/vert1 = %d/%d  seg2/ver2 = %d/%d", seg1,
		    vert1, seg2, vert2);

	    /* Check if the second vertex is not first/last */
	    if (vert2 == 0 || vert2 == Points2->n_points - 1) {
		G_debug(3, "  -> vertex 2 (%d) is first/last", vert2);
		continue;
	    }

	    /* Are there first vertices of this segment identical */
	    if (!((Points1->x[vert1 - 1] == Points2->x[vert2 - 1] &&
		   Points1->y[vert1 - 1] == Points2->y[vert2 - 1] &&
		   Points1->x[vert1 + 1] == Points2->x[vert2 + 1] &&
		   Points1->y[vert1 + 1] == Points2->y[vert2 + 1]) ||
		  (Points1->x[vert1 - 1] == Points2->x[vert2 + 1] &&
		   Points1->y[vert1 - 1] == Points2->y[vert2 + 1] &&
		   Points1->x[vert1 + 1] == Points2->x[vert2 - 1] &&
		   Points1->y[vert1 + 1] == Points2->y[vert2 - 1])
		)
		) {
		G_debug(3, "  -> previous/next are not identical");
		continue;
	    }

	    use_cross[i] = 0;

	    G_debug(3, "    -> collinear -> remove");
	}

	/* Remove duplicates, i.e. merge all identical breaks to one.
	 *  We must be careful because two points with identical coordinates may be distant if measured along
	 *  the line:
	 *       |         Segments b0 and b1 overlap, b0 runs up, b1 down.
	 *       |         Two inersections may be merged for a, because they are identical,
	 *  -----+---- a   but cannot be merged for b, because both b0 and b1 must be broken. 
	 *       |         I.e. Breaks on b have identical coordinates, but there are not identical
	 *       b0 | b1      if measured along line b.
	 *                 
	 *      -> Breaks may be merged as identical if lay on the same segment, or on vertex connecting
	 *      2 adjacent segments the points lay on
	 *      
	 *  Note: if duplicate is on a vertex, the break is removed from next segment =>
	 *        break on vertex is always on first segment of this vertex (used below) 
	 */
	last = -1;
	for (i = 1; i < n_cross; i++) {
	    if (use_cross[i] == 0)
		continue;
	    if (last == -1) {	/* set first alive */
		last = i;
		continue;
	    }
	    seg = cross[i].segment[current];
	    /* compare with last */
	    G_debug(3, "  duplicate ?: cross = %d seg = %d dist = %f", i,
		    cross[i].segment[current], cross[i].distance[current]);
	    if ((cross[i].segment[current] == cross[last].segment[current] &&
		 cross[i].distance[current] == cross[last].distance[current])
		|| (cross[i].segment[current] ==
		    cross[last].segment[current] + 1 &&
		    cross[i].distance[current] == 0 &&
		    cross[i].x == cross[last].x &&
		    cross[i].y == cross[last].y)) {
		G_debug(3, "  cross %d identical to last -> removed", i);
		use_cross[i] = 0;	/* identical */
	    }
	    else {
		last = i;
	    }
	}

	/* Create array of new lines */
	/* Count alive crosses */
	n_alive_cross = 0;
	G_debug(3, "  alive crosses:");
	for (i = 0; i < n_cross; i++) {
	    if (use_cross[i] == 1) {
		G_debug(3, "  %d", i);
		n_alive_cross++;
	    }
	}

	k = 0;
	if (n_alive_cross > 0) {
	    /* Add last line point at the end of cross array (cross alley) */
	    use_cross[n_cross] = 1;
	    j = Points->n_points - 1;
	    cross[n_cross].x = Points->x[j];
	    cross[n_cross].y = Points->y[j];
	    cross[n_cross].segment[current] = Points->n_points - 2;

	    last_seg = 0;
	    last_dist = 0;
	    last_x = Points->x[0];
	    last_y = Points->y[0];
	    last_z = Points->z[0];
	    /* Go through all cross (+last line point) and create for each new line 
	     *  starting at last_* and ending at cross (last point) */
	    for (i = 0; i <= n_cross; i++) {	/* i.e. n_cross + 1 new lines */
		seg = cross[i].segment[current];
		G_debug(2, "%d seg = %d dist = %f", i, seg,
			cross[i].distance[current]);
		if (use_cross[i] == 0) {
		    G_debug(3, "   removed -> next");
		    continue;
		}

		G_debug(2, " New line:");
		XLines[k] = Vect_new_line_struct();
		/* add last intersection or first point first */
		Vect_append_point(XLines[k], last_x, last_y, last_z);
		G_debug(2, "   append last vert: %f %f", last_x, last_y);

		/* add first points of segments between last and current seg */
		for (j = last_seg + 1; j <= seg; j++) {
		    G_debug(2, "  segment j = %d", j);
		    /* skipp vertex identical to last break */
		    if ((j == last_seg + 1) && Points->x[j] == last_x &&
			Points->y[j] == last_y) {
			G_debug(2, "   -> skip (identical to last break)");
			continue;
		    }
		    Vect_append_point(XLines[k], Points->x[j], Points->y[j],
				      Points->z[j]);
		    G_debug(2, "   append first of seg: %f %f", Points->x[j],
			    Points->y[j]);
		}

		/* add current cross or end point */
		Vect_append_point(XLines[k], cross[i].x, cross[i].y, 0.0);
		G_debug(2, "   append cross / last point: %f %f", cross[i].x,
			cross[i].y);
		last_seg = seg;
		last_x = cross[i].x;
		last_y = cross[i].y, last_z = 0;

		/* Check if line is degenerate */
		if (dig_line_degenerate(XLines[k]) > 0) {
		    G_debug(2, "   line is degenerate -> skipped");
		    Vect_destroy_line_struct(XLines[k]);
		}
		else {
		    k++;
		}
	    }
	}
	if (l == 1) {
	    *nalines = k;
	    *ALines = XLines;
	}
	else {
	    *nblines = k;
	    *BLines = XLines;
	}
    }

    return 1;
}

static struct line_pnts *APnts, *BPnts, *IPnts;

static int cross_found;		/* set by find_cross() */

/* break segments (called by rtree search) */
static int find_cross(int id, int *arg)
{
    double x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2;
    int i, j, ret;

    /* !!! segment number for B lines is returned as +1 */
    i = *arg;
    j = id - 1;
    /* Note: -1 to make up for the +1 when data was inserted */

    ret = Vect_segment_intersection(APnts->x[i], APnts->y[i], APnts->z[i],
				    APnts->x[i + 1], APnts->y[i + 1],
				    APnts->z[i + 1], BPnts->x[j], BPnts->y[j],
				    BPnts->z[j], BPnts->x[j + 1],
				    BPnts->y[j + 1], BPnts->z[j + 1], &x1,
				    &y1, &z1, &x2, &y2, &z2, 0);

    if (!IPnts)
	IPnts = Vect_new_line_struct();
    
    switch (ret) {
    case 0:
    case 5:
	break;
    case 1:
	if (0 > Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &x1, &y1, &z1, 1))
	    G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
	break;
    case 2:
    case 3:
    case 4:
	if (0 > Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &x1, &y1, &z1, 1))
	    G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
	if (0 > Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &x2, &y2, &z2, 1))
	    G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
	break;
    }
    /* add ALL (including end points and duplicates), clean later */
    if (ret > 0) {
	cross_found = 1;
	return 0;
    }
    return 1;			/* keep going */
}

/*!
 * \brief Check if 2 lines intersect.
 *
 * Points (Points->n_points == 1) are also supported.
 *
 * \param[in] APoints first input line 
 * \param[in] BPoints second input line 
 * \param[in] with_z 3D, not supported (only if one or both are points)!
 *
 * \return 0 no intersection 
 * \return 1 intersection found
 */
int
Vect_line_check_intersection(struct line_pnts *APoints,
			     struct line_pnts *BPoints, int with_z)
{
    int i;
    double dist, rethresh;
    struct Rect rect;
    struct Node *RTree;

    rethresh = 0.000001;	/* TODO */
    APnts = APoints;
    BPnts = BPoints;

    /* TODO: 3D, RE (representation error) threshold, GV_POINTS (line x point) */

    if (!IPnts)
	IPnts = Vect_new_line_struct();

    /* If one or both are point (Points->n_points == 1) */
    if (APoints->n_points == 1 && BPoints->n_points == 1) {
	if (APoints->x[0] == BPoints->x[0] && APoints->y[0] == BPoints->y[0]) {
	    if (!with_z) {
		if (0 >
		    Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &APoints->x[0],
					  &APoints->y[0], NULL, 1))
		    G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
		return 1;
	    }
	    else {
		if (APoints->z[0] == BPoints->z[0]) {
		    if (0 >
			Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &APoints->x[0],
					      &APoints->y[0], &APoints->z[0],
					      1))
			G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
		    return 1;
		}
		else
		    return 0;
	    }
	}
	else {
	    return 0;
	}
    }

    if (APoints->n_points == 1) {
	Vect_line_distance(BPoints, APoints->x[0], APoints->y[0],
			   APoints->z[0], with_z, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dist,
			   NULL, NULL);

	if (dist <= rethresh) {
	    if (0 >
		Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &APoints->x[0], &APoints->y[0],
				      &APoints->z[0], 1))
		G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
	    return 1;
	}
	else {
	    return 0;
	}
    }

    if (BPoints->n_points == 1) {
	Vect_line_distance(APoints, BPoints->x[0], BPoints->y[0],
			   BPoints->z[0], with_z, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dist,
			   NULL, NULL);

	if (dist <= rethresh) {
	    if (0 >
		Vect_copy_xyz_to_pnts(IPnts, &BPoints->x[0], &BPoints->y[0],
				      &BPoints->z[0], 1))
		G_warning(_("Error while adding point to array. Out of memory"));
	    return 1;
	}
	else
	    return 0;
    }

    /* Take each segment from A and find if intersects any segment from B. */

    /* Spatial index: lines may be very long (thousands of segments) and check each segment 
     *  with each from second line takes a long time (n*m). Because of that, spatial index
     *  is build first for the second line and segments from the first line are broken by segments
     *  in bound box */

    /* Create rtree for B line */
    RTree = RTreeNewIndex();
    for (i = 0; i < BPoints->n_points - 1; i++) {
	if (BPoints->x[i] <= BPoints->x[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[0] = BPoints->x[i];
	    rect.boundary[3] = BPoints->x[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[0] = BPoints->x[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[3] = BPoints->x[i];
	}

	if (BPoints->y[i] <= BPoints->y[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[1] = BPoints->y[i];
	    rect.boundary[4] = BPoints->y[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[1] = BPoints->y[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[4] = BPoints->y[i];
	}

	if (BPoints->z[i] <= BPoints->z[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[2] = BPoints->z[i];
	    rect.boundary[5] = BPoints->z[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[2] = BPoints->z[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[5] = BPoints->z[i];
	}

	RTreeInsertRect(&rect, i + 1, &RTree, 0);	/* B line segment numbers in rtree start from 1 */
    }

    /* Find intersection */
    cross_found = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < APoints->n_points - 1; i++) {
	if (APoints->x[i] <= APoints->x[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[0] = APoints->x[i];
	    rect.boundary[3] = APoints->x[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[0] = APoints->x[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[3] = APoints->x[i];
	}

	if (APoints->y[i] <= APoints->y[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[1] = APoints->y[i];
	    rect.boundary[4] = APoints->y[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[1] = APoints->y[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[4] = APoints->y[i];
	}
	if (APoints->z[i] <= APoints->z[i + 1]) {
	    rect.boundary[2] = APoints->z[i];
	    rect.boundary[5] = APoints->z[i + 1];
	}
	else {
	    rect.boundary[2] = APoints->z[i + 1];
	    rect.boundary[5] = APoints->z[i];
	}

	RTreeSearch(RTree, &rect, (void *)find_cross, &i);	/* A segment number from 0 */

	if (cross_found) {
	    break;
	}
    }

    /* Free RTree */
    RTreeDestroyNode(RTree);

    return cross_found;
}

/*!
 * \brief Get 2 lines intersection points.
 * 
 * A wrapper around Vect_line_check_intersection() function.
 *
 * \param[in] APoints first input line 
 * \param[in] BPoints second input line 
 * \param[out] IPoints output with intersection points
 * \param[in] with_z 3D, not supported (only if one or both are points)!
 *
 * \return 0 no intersection 
 * \return 1 intersection found
 */
int
Vect_line_get_intersections(struct line_pnts *APoints,
			    struct line_pnts *BPoints,
			    struct line_pnts *IPoints, int with_z)
{
    int ret;

    IPnts = IPoints;
    ret = Vect_line_check_intersection(APoints, BPoints, with_z);

    return ret;
}