Geografic-Information-System/lib/python/pygrass/modules/interface/module.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import (nested_scopes, generators, division, absolute_import,
                        with_statement, print_function, unicode_literals)
import sys
from multiprocessing import cpu_count

if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    from itertools import izip_longest as zip_longest
else:
    from itertools import zip_longest
from xml.etree.ElementTree import fromstring
import time

from grass.exceptions import CalledModuleError
from grass.script.core import Popen, PIPE
from grass.pygrass.errors import GrassError, ParameterError
from grass.pygrass.functions import docstring_property
from grass.pygrass.modules.interface.parameter import Parameter
from grass.pygrass.modules.interface.flag import Flag
from grass.pygrass.modules.interface.typedict import TypeDict
from grass.pygrass.modules.interface.read import GETFROMTAG, DOC


class ParallelModuleQueue(object):
    """This class is designed to run an arbitrary number of pygrass Module
       processes in parallel.

       Objects of type grass.pygrass.modules.Module can be put into the
       queue using put() method. When the queue is full with the maximum
       number of parallel processes it will wait for all processes to finish,
       sets the stdout and stderr of the Module object and removes it
       from the queue when its finished.

       This class will raise a GrassError in case a Module process exits
       with a return code other than 0.

       Usage:

       >>> import copy
       >>> from grass.pygrass.modules import Module, ParallelModuleQueue
       >>> mapcalc_list = []
       >>> mapcalc = Module("r.mapcalc", overwrite=True, run_=False)
       >>> queue = ParallelModuleQueue(nprocs=3)
       >>> for i in xrange(5):
       ...     new_mapcalc = copy.deepcopy(mapcalc)
       ...     mapcalc_list.append(new_mapcalc)
       ...     new_mapcalc(expression="test_pygrass_%i = %i"%(i, i))
       ...     queue.put(new_mapcalc)
       Module('r.mapcalc')
       Module('r.mapcalc')
       Module('r.mapcalc')
       Module('r.mapcalc')
       Module('r.mapcalc')

       >>> queue.wait()
       >>> for mapcalc in mapcalc_list:
       ...     print(mapcalc.popen.returncode)
       0
       0
       0
       0
       0

    """
    def __init__(self, nprocs=1):
        """Constructor

        :param nprocs: The maximum number of Module processes that
                          can be run in parallel, defualt is 1, if None
                          then use all the available CPUs.
        :type nprocs: int
        """
        nprocs = int(nprocs) if nprocs else cpu_count()
        self._num_procs = nprocs
        self._list = nprocs * [None]
        self._proc_count = 0

    def put(self, module):
        """Put the next Module object in the queue

           To run the Module objects in parallel the run_ and finish_ options
           of the Module must be set to False.

           :param module: a preconfigured Module object with run_ and finish_
                          set to False
           :type module: Module object
        """
        self._list[self._proc_count] = module
        # Force that finish is False, otherwise the execution
        # will not be parallel
        self._list[self._proc_count].finish_ = False
        self._list[self._proc_count].run()
        self._proc_count += 1

        if self._proc_count == self._num_procs:
            self.wait()

    def get(self, num):
        """Get a Module object from the queue

           :param num: the number of the object in queue
           :type num: int
           :returns: the Module object or None if num is not in the queue
        """
        if num < self._num_procs:
            return self._list[num]
        return None

    def get_num_run_procs(self):
        """Get the number of Module processes that are in the queue running
           or finished

           :returns: the maximum number fo Module processes running/finished in
                     the queue
        """
        return len(self._list)

    def get_max_num_procs(self):
        """Return the maximum number of parallel Module processes
        """
        return self._num_procs

    def set_max_num_procs(self, nprocs):
        """Set the maximum number of Module processes that should run
        in parallel

        :param nprocs: The maximum number of Module processes that
                              can be run in parallel
        :type nprocs: int
        """
        self._num_procs = int(nprocs)
        self.wait()

    def wait(self):
        """Wait for all Module processes that are in the list to finish
           and set the modules stdout and stderr output options
        """
        for proc in self._list:
            if proc:
                stdout, stderr = proc.popen.communicate(input=proc.stdin)
                proc.outputs['stdout'].value = stdout if stdout else ''
                proc.outputs['stderr'].value = stderr if stderr else ''

                if proc.popen.returncode != 0:
                    GrassError(("Error running module %s") % (proc.name))

        self._list = self._num_procs * [None]
        self._proc_count = 0


class Module(object):
    """This class is design to wrap/run/interact with the GRASS modules.

    The class during the init phase read the XML description generate using
    the ``--interface-description`` in order to understand which parameters
    are required which optionals. ::

        >>> from grass.pygrass.modules import Module
        >>> from subprocess import PIPE
        >>> import copy

        >>> region = Module("g.region")
        >>> region.flags.p = True  # set flags
        >>> region.flags.u = True
        >>> region.flags["3"].value = True  # set numeric flags
        >>> region.get_bash()
        u'g.region -p -3 -u'
        >>> new_region = copy.deepcopy(region)
        >>> new_region.inputs.res = "10"
        >>> new_region.get_bash()
        u'g.region res=10 -p -3 -u'

        >>> neighbors = Module("r.neighbors")
        >>> neighbors.inputs.input = "mapA"
        >>> neighbors.outputs.output = "mapB"
        >>> neighbors.inputs.size = 5
        >>> neighbors.inputs.quantile = 0.5
        >>> neighbors.get_bash()
        u'r.neighbors input=mapA method=average size=5 quantile=0.5 output=mapB'

        >>> new_neighbors1 = copy.deepcopy(neighbors)
        >>> new_neighbors1.inputs.input = "mapD"
        >>> new_neighbors1.inputs.size = 3
        >>> new_neighbors1.inputs.quantile = 0.5
        >>> new_neighbors1.get_bash()
        u'r.neighbors input=mapD method=average size=3 quantile=0.5 output=mapB'

        >>> new_neighbors2 = copy.deepcopy(neighbors)
        >>> new_neighbors2(input="mapD", size=3, run_=False)
        Module('r.neighbors')
        >>> new_neighbors2.get_bash()
        u'r.neighbors input=mapD method=average size=3 quantile=0.5 output=mapB'

        >>> neighbors = Module("r.neighbors")
        >>> neighbors.get_bash()
        u'r.neighbors method=average size=3'

        >>> new_neighbors3 = copy.deepcopy(neighbors)
        >>> new_neighbors3(input="mapA", size=3, output="mapB", run_=False)
        Module('r.neighbors')
        >>> new_neighbors3.get_bash()
        u'r.neighbors input=mapA method=average size=3 output=mapB'

        >>> mapcalc = Module("r.mapcalc", expression="test_a = 1",
        ...                  overwrite=True, run_=False)
        >>> mapcalc.run()
        Module('r.mapcalc')
        >>> mapcalc.popen.returncode
        0

        >>> colors = Module("r.colors", map="test_a", rules="-",
        ...                 run_=False, stdout_=PIPE,
        ...                 stderr_=PIPE, stdin_="1 red")
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors.popen.returncode
        0
        >>> colors.inputs["stdin"].value
        u'1 red'
        >>> colors.outputs["stdout"].value
        u''
        >>> colors.outputs["stderr"].value.strip()
        "Color table for raster map <test_a> set to 'rules'"

        >>> colors = Module("r.colors", map="test_a", rules="-",
        ...                 run_=False, finish_=False, stdin_=PIPE)
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> stdout, stderr = colors.popen.communicate(input="1 red")
        >>> colors.popen.returncode
        0
        >>> stdout
        >>> stderr

        >>> colors = Module("r.colors", map="test_a", rules="-",
        ...                 run_=False, finish_=False,
        ...                 stdin_=PIPE, stderr_=PIPE)
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> stdout, stderr = colors.popen.communicate(input="1 red")
        >>> colors.popen.returncode
        0
        >>> stdout
        >>> stderr.strip()
        "Color table for raster map <test_a> set to 'rules'"

        Run a second time
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> stdout, stderr = colors.popen.communicate(input="1 blue")
        >>> colors.popen.returncode
        0
        >>> stdout
        >>> stderr.strip()
        "Color table for raster map <test_a> set to 'rules'"

        Multiple run test
        >>> colors = Module("r.colors", map="test_a",
        ...                                            color="ryb", run_=False)
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors(color="gyr")
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors(color="ryg")
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors(stderr_=PIPE)
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> print(colors.outputs["stderr"].value.strip())
        Color table for raster map <test_a> set to 'ryg'
        >>> colors(color="byg")
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors(stdout_=PIPE)
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> colors.run()
        Module('r.colors')
        >>> print(colors.outputs["stderr"].value.strip())
        Color table for raster map <test_a> set to 'byg'

    Often in the Module class you can find ``*args`` and ``kwargs`` annotation
    in methods, like in the __call__ method.
    Python allow developers to not specify all the arguments and
    keyword arguments of a method or function. ::

        def f(*args):
            for arg in args:
                print arg

    therefore if we call the function like: ::

        >>> f('grass', 'gis', 'modules')                     # doctest: +SKIP
        grass
        gis
        modules

    or we can define a new list: ::

        >>> words = ['grass', 'gis', 'modules']              # doctest: +SKIP
        >>> f(*words)                                        # doctest: +SKIP
        grass
        gis
        modules

    we can do the same with keyword arguments, rewrite the above function: ::

        def f(*args, **kargs):
            for arg in args:
                print arg
            for key, value in kargs.items():
                print "%s = %r" % (key, value)

    now we can use the new function, with: ::

        >>> f('grass', 'gis', 'modules', os = 'linux', language = 'python')
        ...                                                  # doctest: +SKIP
        grass
        gis
        modules
        os = 'linux'
        language = 'python'

    or, as before we can, define a dictionary and give the dictionary to
    the function, like: ::

        >>> keywords = {'os' : 'linux', 'language' : 'python'}
        ...                                                  # doctest: +SKIP
        >>> f(*words, **keywords)                            # doctest: +SKIP
        grass
        gis
        modules
        os = 'linux'
        language = 'python'

    In the Module class we heavily use this language feature to pass arguments
    and keyword arguments to the grass module.
    """
    def __init__(self, cmd, *args, **kargs):
        if isinstance(cmd, unicode):
            self.name = str(cmd)
        elif isinstance(cmd, str):
            self.name = cmd
        else:
            raise GrassError("Problem initializing the module {s}".format(s=cmd))
        try:
            # call the command with --interface-description
            get_cmd_xml = Popen([cmd, "--interface-description"], stdout=PIPE)
        except OSError as e:
            print("OSError error({0}): {1}".format(e.errno, e.strerror))
            str_err = "Error running: `%s --interface-description`."
            raise GrassError(str_err % self.name)
        # get the xml of the module
        self.xml = get_cmd_xml.communicate()[0]
        # transform and parse the xml into an Element class:
        # http://docs.python.org/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html
        tree = fromstring(self.xml)

        for e in tree:
            if e.tag not in ('parameter', 'flag'):
                self.__setattr__(e.tag, GETFROMTAG[e.tag](e))

        #
        # extract parameters from the xml
        #
        self.params_list = [Parameter(p) for p in tree.findall("parameter")]
        self.inputs = TypeDict(Parameter)
        self.outputs = TypeDict(Parameter)
        self.required = []

        # Insert parameters into input/output and required
        for par in self.params_list:
            if par.input:
                self.inputs[par.name] = par
            else:
                self.outputs[par.name] = par
            if par.required:
                self.required.append(par.name)

        #
        # extract flags from the xml
        #
        flags_list = [Flag(f) for f in tree.findall("flag")]
        self.flags = TypeDict(Flag)
        for flag in flags_list:
            self.flags[flag.name] = flag

        #
        # Add new attributes to the class
        #
        self.run_ = True
        self.finish_ = True
        self.env_ = None
        self.stdin_ = None
        self.stdin = None
        self.stdout_ = None
        self.stderr_ = None
        diz = {'name': 'stdin', 'required': False,
               'multiple': False, 'type': 'all',
               'value': None}
        self.inputs['stdin'] = Parameter(diz=diz)
        diz['name'] = 'stdout'
        self.outputs['stdout'] = Parameter(diz=diz)
        diz['name'] = 'stderr'
        self.outputs['stderr'] = Parameter(diz=diz)
        self.popen = None
        self.time = None

        if args or kargs:
            self.__call__(*args, **kargs)
        self.__call__.__func__.__doc__ = self.__doc__

    def __call__(self, *args, **kargs):
        """Set module paramters to the class and, if run_ is True execute the
        module, therefore valid parameters are all the module parameters
        plus some extra parameters that are: run_, stdin_, stdout_, stderr_,
        env_ and finish_.
        """
        if not args and not kargs:
            self.run()
            return self
        #
        # check for extra kargs, set attribute and remove from dictionary
        #
        if 'flags' in kargs:
            for flg in kargs['flags']:
                self.flags[flg].value = True
            del(kargs['flags'])

        # set attributs
        for key in ('run_', 'env_', 'finish_', 'stdout_', 'stderr_'):
            if key in kargs:
                setattr(self, key, kargs.pop(key))

        # set inputs
        for key in ('stdin_', ):
            if key in kargs:
                self.inputs[key[:-1]].value = kargs.pop(key)

        #
        # check args
        #
        for param, arg in zip(self.params_list, args):
            param.value = arg
        for key, val in kargs.items():
            if key in self.inputs:
                self.inputs[key].value = val
            elif key in self.outputs:
                self.outputs[key].value = val
            elif key in self.flags:
                # we need to add this, because some parameters (overwrite,
                # verbose and quiet) work like parameters
                self.flags[key].value = val
            else:
                raise ParameterError('%s is not a valid parameter.' % key)

        #
        # check if execute
        #
        if self.run_:
            #
            # check reqire parameters
            #
            for k in self.required:
                if ((k in self.inputs and self.inputs[k].value is None) or
                        (k in self.outputs and self.outputs[k].value is None)):
                    msg = "Required parameter <%s> not set."
                    raise ParameterError(msg % k)
            return self.run()
        return self

    def get_bash(self):
        """Return a BASH rapresentation of the Module."""
        return ' '.join(self.make_cmd())

    def get_python(self):
        """Return a Python rapresentation of the Module."""
        prefix = self.name.split('.')[0]
        name = '_'.join(self.name.split('.')[1:])
        params = ', '.join([par.get_python() for par in self.params_list
                           if par.get_python() != ''])
        flags = ''.join([flg.get_python()
                         for flg in self.flags.values()
                         if not flg.special and flg.get_python() != ''])
        special = ', '.join([flg.get_python()
                             for flg in self.flags.values()
                             if flg.special and flg.get_python() != ''])
        #     pre name par flg special
        if flags and special:
            return "%s.%s(%s, flags=%r, %s)" % (prefix, name, params,
                                                flags, special)
        elif flags:
            return "%s.%s(%s, flags=%r)" % (prefix, name, params, flags)
        elif special:
            return "%s.%s(%s, %s)" % (prefix, name, params, special)
        else:
            return "%s.%s(%s)" % (prefix, name, params)

    def __str__(self):
        """Return the command string that can be executed in a shell"""
        return ' '.join(self.make_cmd())

    def __repr__(self):
        return "Module(%r)" % self.name

    @docstring_property(__doc__)
    def __doc__(self):
        """{cmd_name}({cmd_params})
        """
        head = DOC['head'].format(cmd_name=self.name,
            cmd_params=('\n' +  # go to a new line
             # give space under the function name
             (' ' * (len(self.name) + 1))).join([', '.join(
             # transform each parameter in string
             [str(param) for param in line if param is not None])
             # make a list of parameters with only 3 param per line
             for line in zip_longest(*[iter(self.params_list)] * 3)]),)
        params = '\n'.join([par.__doc__ for par in self.params_list])
        flags = self.flags.__doc__
        return '\n'.join([head, params, DOC['flag_head'], flags, DOC['foot']])

    def get_dict(self):
        """Return a dictionary that includes the name, all valid
        inputs, outputs and flags
        """
        dic = {}
        dic['name'] = self.name
        dic['inputs'] = [(k, v.value) for k, v in self.inputs.items()
                         if v.value]
        dic['outputs'] = [(k, v.value) for k, v in self.outputs.items()
                          if v.value]
        dic['flags'] = [flg for flg in self.flags if self.flags[flg].value]
        return dic

    def make_cmd(self):
        """Create the command string that can be executed in a shell

        :returns: the command string
        """
        skip = ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr']
        args = [self.name, ]
        for key in self.inputs:
            if key not in skip and self.inputs[key].value:
                args.append(self.inputs[key].get_bash())
        for key in self.outputs:
            if key not in skip and self.outputs[key].value:
                args.append(self.outputs[key].get_bash())
        for flg in self.flags:
            if self.flags[flg].value:
                args.append(str(self.flags[flg]))
        return args

    def run(self, node=None):
        """Run the module

        :param node:
        :type node:

        This function will wait for the process to terminate in case
        finish_==True and sets up stdout and stderr. If finish_==False this
        function will return after starting the process. Use
        self.popen.communicate() of self.popen.wait() to wait for the process
        termination. The handling of stdout and stderr must then be done
        outside of this function.
        """
        if self.inputs['stdin'].value:
            self.stdin = self.inputs['stdin'].value
            self.stdin_ = PIPE

        cmd = self.make_cmd()
        start = time.time()
        self.popen = Popen(cmd,
                           stdin=self.stdin_,
                           stdout=self.stdout_,
                           stderr=self.stderr_,
                           env=self.env_)
        if self.finish_:
            stdout, stderr = self.popen.communicate(input=self.stdin)
            self.outputs['stdout'].value = stdout if stdout else ''
            self.outputs['stderr'].value = stderr if stderr else ''
            self.time = time.time() - start
            if self.popen.poll():
                raise CalledModuleError(returncode=self.popen.returncode,
                                        code=self.get_bash(),
                                        module=self.name, errors=stderr)
        return self

###############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()