Geografic-Information-System/lib/python/temporal/abstract_space_time_dataset.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""!@package grass.temporal

@brief GRASS Python scripting module (temporal GIS functions)

Temporal GIS related functions to be used in temporal GIS Python library package.

(C) 2011-2012 by the GRASS Development Team
This program is free software under the GNU General Public
License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
for details.

@author Soeren Gebbert
"""
from abstract_dataset import *
from temporal_granularity import *
from temporal_relationships import *

###############################################################################


class AbstractSpaceTimeDataset(AbstractDataset):
    """!Abstract space time dataset class

       This class represents a space time dataset. Convenient functions
       to select, update, insert or delete objects of this type in the SQL
       temporal database exists as well as functions to register or unregister
       raster maps.

       Parts of the temporal logic are implemented in the SQL temporal database,
       like the computation of the temporal and spatial extent as well as the
       collecting of metadata.
    """
    def __init__(self, ident):
        self.reset(ident)
        self.map_counter = 0

    def get_new_map_instance(self, ident=None):
        """!Return a new instance of a map dataset which is associated 
           with the type of this class

           @param ident: The unique identifier of the new object
        """
        raise ImplementationError(
            "This method must be implemented in the subclasses")

    def get_map_register(self):
        """!Return the name of the map register table"""
        raise ImplementationError(
            "This method must be implemented in the subclasses")

    def set_map_register(self, name):
        """!Set the name of the map register table

           This table stores all map names which are registered
           in this space time dataset.

           @param name: The name of the register table
        """
        raise ImplementationError(
            "This method must be implemented in the subclasses")

    def print_self(self):
        """!Print the content of the internal structure to stdout"""
        self.base.print_self()
        if self.is_time_absolute():
            self.absolute_time.print_self()
        if self.is_time_relative():
            self.relative_time.print_self()
        self.spatial_extent.print_self()
        self.metadata.print_self()

    def print_info(self):
        """!Print information about this class in human readable style"""

        if self.get_type() == "strds":
            #                1         2         3         4         5         6         7
            #      0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
            print " +-------------------- Space Time Raster Dataset -----------------------------+"
        if self.get_type() == "str3ds":
            #                1         2         3         4         5         6         7
            #      0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
            print " +-------------------- Space Time 3D Raster Dataset --------------------------+"
        if self.get_type() == "stvds":
            #                1         2         3         4         5         6         7
            #      0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
            print " +-------------------- Space Time Vector Dataset -----------------------------+"
        print " |                                                                            |"
        self.base.print_info()
        if self.is_time_absolute():
            self.absolute_time.print_info()
        if self.is_time_relative():
            self.relative_time.print_info()
        self.spatial_extent.print_info()
        self.metadata.print_info()
        print " +----------------------------------------------------------------------------+"

    def print_shell_info(self):
        """!Print information about this class in shell style"""
        self.base.print_shell_info()
        if self.is_time_absolute():
            self.absolute_time.print_shell_info()
        if self.is_time_relative():
            self.relative_time.print_shell_info()
        self.spatial_extent.print_shell_info()
        self.metadata.print_shell_info()

    def set_initial_values(self, temporal_type, semantic_type,
                           title=None, description=None):
        """!Set the initial values of the space time dataset

           @param temporal_type: The temporal type of this space 
                                 time dataset (absolute or relative)
           @param semantic_type: The semantic type of this dataset
           @param title: The title
           @param description: The description of this dataset
        """

        if temporal_type == "absolute":
            self.set_time_to_absolute()
        elif temporal_type == "relative":
            self.set_time_to_relative()
        else:
            core.fatal(_("Unknown temporal type \"%s\"") % (temporal_type))

        self.base.set_semantic_type(semantic_type)
        self.metadata.set_title(title)
        self.metadata.set_description(description)

    def get_semantic_type(self):
        """!Return the semantic type of this dataset"""
        return self.base.get_semantic_type()

    def get_initial_values(self):
        """!Return the initial values: temporal_type, 
           semantic_type, title, description"""

        temporal_type = self.get_temporal_type()
        semantic_type = self.base.get_semantic_type()
        title = self.metadata.get_title()
        description = self.metadata.get_description()

        return temporal_type, semantic_type, title, description

    def get_granularity(self):
        """!Return the granularity
        
           Granularity can be of absolute time or relative time.
           In case of absolute time a string containing an integer
           value and the time unit (years, months, days, hours, minuts, seconds).
           In case of relative time an integer value is expected.
        """

        temporal_type = self.get_temporal_type()

        if temporal_type == "absolute":
            granularity = self.absolute_time.get_granularity()
        elif temporal_type == "relative":
            granularity = self.relative_time.get_granularity()

        return granularity

    def set_granularity(self, granularity):
        """!Set the granularity
        
           Granularity can be of absolute time or relative time.
           In case of absolute time a string containing an integer
           value and the time unit (years, months, days, hours, minuts, seconds).
           In case of relative time an integer value is expected.
        """

        temporal_type = self.get_temporal_type()

        if temporal_type == "absolute":
            self.set_time_to_absolute()
            self.absolute_time.set_granularity(granularity)
        elif temporal_type == "relative":
            self.set_time_to_relative()
            self.relative_time.set_granularity(granularity)
        else:
            core.fatal(_("Unknown temporal type \"%s\"") % (temporal_type))

    def set_relative_time_unit(self, unit):
        """!Set the relative time unit which may be of type: 
           years, months, days, hours, minutes or seconds

           All maps registered in a (relative time) 
           space time dataset must have the same unit
        """

        temporal_type = self.get_temporal_type()

        if temporal_type == "relative":
            if not self.check_relative_time_unit(unit):
                core.fatal(_("Unsupported temporal unit: %s") % (unit))
            self.relative_time.set_unit(unit)

    def get_map_time(self):
        """!Return the type of the map time, interval, point, mixed or invalid"""

        temporal_type = self.get_temporal_type()

        if temporal_type == "absolute":
            map_time = self.absolute_time.get_map_time()
        elif temporal_type == "relative":
            map_time = self.relative_time.get_map_time()

        return map_time

    def count_temporal_types(self, maps=None, dbif=None):
        """!Return the temporal type of the registered maps as dictionary

           The map list must be ordered by start time

           The temporal type can be:
           
           - point    -> only the start time is present
           - interval -> start and end time
           - invalid  -> No valid time point or interval found

           @param maps: A sorted (start_time) list of AbstractDataset objects
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
        """

        if maps is None:
            maps = get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where=None, order="start_time", dbif=dbif)

        time_invalid = 0
        time_point = 0
        time_interval = 0

        tcount = {}
        for i in range(len(maps)):
            # Check for point and interval data
            if maps[i].is_time_absolute():
                start, end, tz = maps[i].get_absolute_time()
            if maps[i].is_time_relative():
                start, end, unit = maps[i].get_relative_time()

            if start is not None and end is not None:
                time_interval += 1
            elif start is not None and end is None:
                time_point += 1
            else:
                time_invalid += 1

        tcount["point"] = time_point
        tcount["interval"] = time_interval
        tcount["invalid"] = time_invalid

        return tcount

    def count_gaps(self, maps=None, dbif=None):
        """!Count the number of gaps between temporal neighbors

           @param maps: A sorted (start_time) list of AbstractDataset objects
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @return The numbers of gaps between temporal neighbors
        """

        if maps is None:
            maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where=None, order="start_time", dbif=dbif)

        gaps = 0

        # Check for gaps
        for i in range(len(maps)):
            if i < len(maps) - 1:
                relation = maps[i + 1].temporal_relation(maps[i])
                if relation == "after":
                    gaps += 1

        return gaps

    def print_temporal_relationships(self, maps=None, dbif=None):
        """!Print the temporal relation matrix of all registered maps to stdout

           The temporal relation matrix includes the temporal relations between
           all registered maps. The relations are strings stored in a list of lists.

           @param maps: a ordered by start_time list of map objects
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
        """

        if maps is None:
            maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where=None, order="start_time", dbif=dbif)

        print_temporal_topology_relationships(maps, maps)

    def count_temporal_relations(self, maps=None, dbif=None):
        """!Count the temporal relations between the registered maps.

           The map list must be ordered by start time. 
           Temporal relations are counted by analysing the sparse 
           upper right side temporal relationships matrix.

           @param maps: A sorted (start_time) list of AbstractDataset objects
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @return A dictionary with counted temporal relationships
        """

        if maps is None:
            maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where=None, order="start_time", dbif=dbif)

        return count_temporal_topology_relationships(maps, maps)

    def check_temporal_topology(self, maps=None, dbif=None):
        """!Check the temporal topology

           Correct topology means, that time intervals are not overlap or
           that intervals does not contain other intervals. 
           Equal time intervals  are not allowed.

           The map list must be ordered by start time

           Allowed and not allowed temporal relationships for correct topology:
           @verbatim
           - after      -> allowed
           - precedes   -> allowed
           - follows    -> allowed
           - precedes   -> allowed

           - equivalent -> not allowed
           - during     -> not allowed
           - contains   -> not allowed
           - overlaps   -> not allowed
           - overlapped -> not allowed
           - starts     -> not allowed
           - finishes   -> not allowed
           - started    -> not allowed
           - finished   -> not allowed
           @endverbatim

           @param maps: A sorted (start_time) list of AbstractDataset objects
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @return True if topology is correct
        """
        if maps is None:
            maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where=None, order="start_time", dbif=dbif)

        relations = count_temporal_topology_relationships(maps, maps)

        map_time = self.get_map_time()

        if map_time == "interval" or map_time == "mixed":
            if "equivalent" in relations:
                return False
            if "during" in relations:
                return False
            if "contains" in relations:
                return False
            if "overlaps" in relations:
                return False
            if "overlapped" in relations:
                return False
            if "starts" in relations:
                return False
            if "finishes" in relations:
                return False
            if "started" in relations:
                return False
            if "finished" in relations:
                return False
        elif map_time == "point":
            if "equivalent" in relations:
                return False
        else:
            return False

        return True

    def sample_by_dataset(self, stds, method=None, spatial=False, dbif=None):
        """!Sample this space time dataset with the temporal topology 
           of a second space time dataset

           The sample dataset must have "interval" as temporal map type, 
           so all sample maps have valid interval time.

           In case spatial is True, the spatial overlap between 
           temporal related maps is performed. Only
           temporal related and spatial overlapping maps are returned.

           Return all registered maps as ordered (by start_time) object list with
           "gap" map objects (id==None). Each list entry is a list of map objects
           which are potentially located in temporal relation to the actual 
           granule of the second space time dataset.

           Each entry in the object list is a dict. The actual sampler 
           map and its temporal extent (the actual granule) and
           the list of samples are stored:

           @code
           list = self.sample_by_dataset(stds=sampler, method=[
               "during","overlap","contain","equal"])
           for entry in list:
               granule = entry["granule"]
               maplist = entry["samples"]
               for map in maplist:
                   map.select()
                   map.print_info()
           @endcode

           A valid temporal topology (no overlapping or inclusion allowed) 
           is needed to get correct results in case of gaps in the sample dataset.

           Gaps between maps are identified as unregistered maps with id==None.

           The map objects are initialized with the id and the temporal 
           extent of the granule (temporal type, start time, end time).
           In case more map information are needed, use the select() 
           method for each listed object.

           @param stds: The space time dataset to be used for temporal sampling
           @param method: This option specifies what sample method should be used. 
                  In case the registered maps are of temporal point type,
                  only the start time is used for sampling. In case of mixed 
                  of interval data the user can chose between:
                  
                  - start: Select maps of which the start time is 
                    located in the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :        s
                    granule:  s-----------------e

                    map    :        s--------------------e
                    granule:  s-----------------e

                    map    :        s--------e
                    granule:  s-----------------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - during: Select maps which are temporal 
                    during the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :     s-----------e
                    granule:  s-----------------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - overlap: Select maps which temporal overlap 
                    the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :     s-----------e
                    granule:        s-----------------e

                    map    :     s-----------e
                    granule:  s----------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - contain: Select maps which temporally contain 
                    the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :  s-----------------e
                    granule:     s-----------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - equal: Select maps which temporally equal 
                    to the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :  s-----------e
                    granule:  s-----------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - follows: Select maps which temporally follow 
                    the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :              s-----------e
                    granule:  s-----------e
                    @endverbatim

                  - precedes: Select maps which temporally precedes 
                    the selection granule
                    @verbatim
                    map    :  s-----------e
                    granule:              s-----------e
                    @endverbatim

                  All these methods can be combined. Method must be of 
                  type tuple including the identification strings.
                  
           @param spatial: If set True additional the spatial overlapping 
                           is used for selection -> spatio-temporal relation.
                           The returned map objects will have temporal and 
                           spatial extents
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used

           In case nothing found None is returned
        """

        use_start = False
        use_during = False
        use_overlap = False
        use_contain = False
        use_equal = False
        use_follows = False
        use_precedes = False

        # Initialize the methods
        if method is not None:
            for name in method:
                if name == "start":
                    use_start = True
                if name == "during":
                    use_during = True
                if name == "overlap":
                    use_overlap = True
                if name == "contain":
                    use_contain = True
                if name == "equal":
                    use_equal = True
                if name == "follows":
                    use_follows = True
                if name == "precedes":
                    use_precedes = True
        else:
            use_during = True
            use_overlap = True
            use_contain = True
            use_equal = True

        if self.get_temporal_type() != stds.get_temporal_type():
            core.error(_("The space time datasets must be of "
                         "the same temporal type"))
            return None

        if stds.get_map_time() != "interval":
            core.error(_("The temporal map type of the sample "
                         "dataset must be interval"))
            return None

        # In case points of time are available, disable the interval specific methods
        if self.get_map_time() == "point":
            use_start = True
            use_during = False
            use_overlap = False
            use_contain = False
            use_equal = False
            use_follows = False
            use_precedes = False

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        obj_list = []
        sample_maps = stds.get_registered_maps_as_objects_with_gaps(
            where=None, dbif=dbif)

        for granule in sample_maps:
            # Read the spatial extent
            if spatial:
                granule.spatial_extent.select(dbif)
            start, end = granule.get_valid_time()

            where = create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(
                start, end, use_start,
                use_during, use_overlap, use_contain, use_equal, use_follows, use_precedes)

            maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(
                where, "start_time", dbif)

            result = {}
            result["granule"] = granule
            num_samples = 0
            maplist = []

            if maps is not None:
                for map in maps:
                    # Read the spatial extent
                    if spatial:
                        map.spatial_extent.select(dbif)
                        # Ignore spatial disjoint maps
                        if not granule.spatial_overlapping(map):
                            continue

                    num_samples += 1
                    maplist.append(copy.copy(map))

            # Fill with empty map in case no spatio-temporal relations found
            if maps is None or num_samples == 0:
                map = self.get_new_map_instance(None)

                if self.is_time_absolute():
                    map.set_absolute_time(start, end)
                elif self.is_time_relative():
                    map.set_relative_time(start, end,
                                          self.get_relative_time_unit())

                maplist.append(copy.copy(map))

            result["samples"] = maplist

            obj_list.append(copy.copy(result))

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        return obj_list

    def get_registered_maps_as_objects_by_granularity(self, gran=None, dbif=None):
        """!Return all registered maps as ordered (by start_time) object list with
           "gap" map objects (id==None) for temporal topological operations using 
           the granularity of the space time dataset as increment. 
           Each list entry is a list of map objects
           which are potentially located in the actual granule.

           A valid temporal topology (no overlapping or inclusion allowed) 
           is needed to get correct results.

           The dataset must have "interval" as temporal map type, 
           so all maps have valid interval time.

           Gaps between maps are identified as unregistered maps with id==None.

           The objects are initialized with the id and the temporal 
           extent (temporal type, start time, end time).
           In case more map information are needed, use the select() 
           method for each listed object.

           @param gran: The granularity to be used
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used

           @return ordered object list, in case nothing found None is returned
        """

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        obj_list = []
        
        if self.get_map_time() == "point" or self.get_map_time() == "mixed":
            core.error(_("The space time %(type)s dataset <%(name)s> must have"
                         " interval time"%\
                         {"type":self.get_new_map_instance(None).get_type(),
                          "name":self.get_id()}))

        if gran is None:
            gran = self.get_granularity()

        start, end = self.get_valid_time()

        while start < end:
            if self.is_time_absolute():
                next = increment_datetime_by_string(start, gran)
            else:
                next = start + gran

            where = "(start_time <= '%s' and end_time >= '%s')" % (start, next)

            rows = self.get_registered_maps("id", where, "start_time", dbif)

            if rows is not None and len(rows) != 0:
                if len(rows) > 1:
                    core.warning(_("More than one map found in a granule. "
                                   "Temporal granularity seems to be invalid or"
                                   " the chosen granularity is not a greatest "
                                   "common divider of all intervals and gaps "
                                   "in the dataset."))

                maplist = []
                for row in rows:
                    # Take the first map
                    map = self.get_new_map_instance(rows[0]["id"])

                    if self.is_time_absolute():
                        map.set_absolute_time(start, next)
                    elif self.is_time_relative():
                        map.set_relative_time(start, next, 
                                              self.get_relative_time_unit())

                    maplist.append(copy.copy(map))

                obj_list.append(copy.copy(maplist))
	    else:
		# Found a gap
                map = self.get_new_map_instance(None)

                if self.is_time_absolute():
                    map.set_absolute_time(start, next)
                elif self.is_time_relative():
                    map.set_relative_time(start, next, 
                                         self.get_relative_time_unit())

                maplist = []
                maplist.append(copy.copy(map))

                obj_list.append(copy.copy(maplist))
	
            start = next

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        if obj_list:
            return obj_list
        return None

    def get_registered_maps_as_objects_with_gaps(self, where=None, dbif=None):
        """!Return all registered maps as ordered (by start_time) object list with
           "gap" map objects (id==None) for temporal topological operations

           Gaps between maps are identified as maps with id==None

           The objects are initialized with the id and the 
           temporal extent (temporal type, start time, end time).
           In case more map information are needed, use the select() 
           method for each listed object.

           @param where: The SQL where statement to select a 
                         subset of the registered maps without "WHERE"
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used

           @return ordered object list, in case nothing found None is returned
        """

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        obj_list = []

        maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(where, "start_time", dbif)

        if maps  is not None and len(maps) > 0:
            for i in range(len(maps)):
                obj_list.append(maps[i])
                # Detect and insert gaps
                if i < len(maps) - 1:
                    relation = maps[i + 1].temporal_relation(maps[i])
                    if relation == "after":
                        start1, end1 = maps[i].get_valid_time()
                        start2, end2 = maps[i + 1].get_valid_time()
                        end = start2
                        if end1 is not None:
                            start = end1
                        else:
                            start = start1

                        map = self.get_new_map_instance(None)

                        if self.is_time_absolute():
                            map.set_absolute_time(start, end)
                        elif self.is_time_relative():
                            map.set_relative_time(start, end, 
                                                  self.get_relative_time_unit())
                        obj_list.append(copy.copy(map))

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        return obj_list

    def get_registered_maps_as_objects(self, where=None, order="start_time", 
                                       dbif=None):
        """!Return all registered maps as ordered object list for 
           temporal topological operations

           The objects are initialized with the id and the temporal extent 
           (temporal type, start time, end time).
           In case more map information are needed, use the select() 
           method for each listed object.

           @param where: The SQL where statement to select a subset of 
                         the registered maps without "WHERE"
           @param order: The SQL order statement to be used to order the 
                         objects in the list without "ORDER BY"
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @return The ordered map object list, 
                   In case nothing found None is returned
        """

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        obj_list = []

        rows = self.get_registered_maps(
            "id,start_time,end_time", where, order, dbif)

        count = 0
        if rows is not None:
            for row in rows:
                core.percent(count, len(rows), 1)
                map = self.get_new_map_instance(row["id"])
                if self.is_time_absolute():
                    map.set_absolute_time(row["start_time"], row["end_time"])
                elif self.is_time_relative():
                    map.set_relative_time(row["start_time"], row["end_time"],
                                          self.get_relative_time_unit())
                obj_list.append(copy.copy(map))
                count += 1

        core.percent(1, 1, 1)

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        return obj_list

    def get_registered_maps(self, columns=None, where=None, order=None, dbif=None):
        """!Return SQL rows of all registered maps.

           In case columns are not specified, each row includes all columns 
           specified in the datatype specific view.

           @param columns: Columns to be selected as SQL compliant string
           @param where: The SQL where statement to select a subset 
                         of the registered maps without "WHERE"
           @param order: The SQL order statement to be used to order the 
                         objects in the list without "ORDER BY"
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used

           @return SQL rows of all registered maps, 
                   In case nothing found None is returned
        """

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        rows = None

        if self.get_map_register() is not None:
            # Use the correct temporal table
            if self.get_temporal_type() == "absolute":
                map_view = self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type() + "_view_abs_time"
            else:
                map_view = self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type() + "_view_rel_time"

            if columns is not None and columns != "":
                sql = "SELECT %s FROM %s  WHERE %s.id IN (SELECT id FROM %s)" %\
                      (columns, map_view, map_view, self.get_map_register())
            else:
                sql = "SELECT * FROM %s  WHERE %s.id IN (SELECT id FROM %s)" % \
                      (map_view, map_view, self.get_map_register())

            if where is not None and where != "":
                sql += " AND (%s)" % (where.split(";")[0])
            if order is not None and order != "":
                sql += " ORDER BY %s" % (order.split(";")[0])

            try:
                dbif.cursor.execute(sql)
                rows = dbif.cursor.fetchall()
            except:
                if connect:
                    dbif.close()
                core.error(_("Unable to get map ids from register table <%s>")
                           % (self.get_map_register()))
                raise

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        return rows

    def delete(self, dbif=None, execute=True):
        """!Delete a space time dataset from the temporal database

           This method removes the space time dataset from the temporal 
           database and drops its map register table

           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @param execute: If True the SQL DELETE and DROP table 
                           statements will be executed.
                           If False the prepared SQL statements are returned 
                           and must be executed by the caller.

           @return The SQL statements if execute == False, else an empty string
        """
        # First we need to check if maps are registered in this dataset and
        # unregister them

        core.verbose(_("Delete space time %s  dataset <%s> from temporal "
                       "database") % \
                     (self.get_new_map_instance(ident=None).get_type(), 
                      self.get_id()))

        statement = ""
        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        # SELECT all needed information from the database
        self.metadata.select(dbif)

        if self.get_map_register() is not None:
            core.verbose(_("Drop map register table: %s") % (
                self.get_map_register()))
            rows = self.get_registered_maps("id", None, None, dbif)
            # Unregister each registered map in the table
            if rows is not None:
                num_maps = len(rows)
                count = 0
                for row in rows:
                    core.percent(count, num_maps, 1)
                    # Unregister map
                    map = self.get_new_map_instance(row["id"])
                    statement += self.unregister_map(
                        map=map, dbif=dbif, execute=False)
                    count += 1
                core.percent(1, 1, 1)

            # Safe the DROP table statement
            statement += "DROP TABLE " + self.get_map_register() + ";\n"

        # Remove the primary key, the foreign keys will be removed by trigger
        statement += self.base.get_delete_statement()

        if execute:
            dbif.execute_transaction(statement)

        self.reset(None)

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        if execute:
            return ""

        return statement

    def register_map(self, map, dbif=None):
        """!Register a map in the space time dataset.

            This method takes care of the registration of a map
            in a space time dataset.

            In case the map is already registered this function 
            will break with a warning and return False.

           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
        """
        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        if map.is_in_db(dbif) == False:
            dbif.close()
            core.fatal(_("Only maps with absolute or relative valid time can "
                         "be registered"))
        if map.get_layer():
            core.verbose(_("Register %s map <%s> with layer %s in space "
                           "time %s dataset <%s>") % (map.get_type(), 
                                                      map.get_map_id(), 
                                                      map.get_layer(), 
                                                      map.get_type(), 
                                                      self.get_id()))
        else:
            core.verbose(_("Register %s map <%s> in space time %s "
                           "dataset <%s>") % (map.get_type(), map.get_map_id(),
                                               map.get_type(), self.get_id()))

        # First select all data from the database
        map.select(dbif)

        if not map.check_valid_time():
            if map.get_layer():
                core.fatal(_("Map <%s> with layer %s has invalid time")
                           % (map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer()))
            else:
                core.fatal(_("Map <%s> has invalid time") % (map.get_map_id()))

        map_id = map.base.get_id()
        map_name = map.base.get_name()
        map_mapset = map.base.get_mapset()
        map_register_table = map.get_stds_register()
        map_rel_time_unit = map.get_relative_time_unit()
        map_ttype = map.get_temporal_type()

        #print "Map register table", map_register_table

        # Get basic info
        stds_name = self.base.get_name()
        stds_mapset = self.base.get_mapset()
        stds_register_table = self.get_map_register()
        stds_ttype = self.get_temporal_type()

        # The gathered SQL statemets are stroed here
        statement = ""

        # Check temporal types
        if stds_ttype != map_ttype:
            if map.get_layer():
                core.fatal(_("Temporal type of space time dataset <%s> and "
                             "map <%s> with layer %s are different") % \
                           (self.get_id(), map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer()))
            else:
                core.fatal(_("Temporal type of space time dataset <%s> and "
                             "map <%s> are different") % \
                           (self.get_id(), map.get_map_id()))

        # In case no map has been registered yet, set the 
        # relative time unit from the first map
        if (self.metadata.get_number_of_maps() is None or \
            self.metadata.get_number_of_maps() == 0) and \
            self.map_counter == 0 and self.is_time_relative():

            self.set_relative_time_unit(map_rel_time_unit)
            statement += self.relative_time.get_update_all_statement_mogrified(
                dbif)
            core.verbose(_("Set temporal unit for space time %s dataset "
                           "<%s> to %s") % (map.get_type(), self.get_id(), 
                                            map_rel_time_unit))

        stds_rel_time_unit = self.get_relative_time_unit()

        # Check the relative time unit
        if self.is_time_relative() and (stds_rel_time_unit != map_rel_time_unit):
            if map.get_layer():
                core.fatal(_("Relative time units of space time dataset "
                             "<%s> and map <%s> with layer %s are different") %\
                            (self.get_id(), map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer()))
            else:
                core.fatal(_("Relative time units of space time dataset "
                             "<%s> and map <%s> are different") % \
                           (self.get_id(), map.get_map_id()))

        #print "STDS register table", stds_register_table

        if stds_mapset != map_mapset:
            dbif.close()
            core.fatal(_("Only maps from the same mapset can be registered"))

        # Check if map is already registered
        if stds_register_table is not None:
            if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
                sql = "SELECT id FROM " + \
                    stds_register_table + " WHERE id = (?)"
            else:
                sql = "SELECT id FROM " + \
                    stds_register_table + " WHERE id = (%s)"
            try:
                dbif.cursor.execute(sql, (map_id,))
                row = dbif.cursor.fetchone()
            except:
                row = None
                core.warning(_("Error in strds_register_table request"))
                raise

            if row is not None and row[0] == map_id:
                if connect == True:
                    dbif.close()

                if map.get_layer() is not None:
                    core.warning(_("Map <%s> with layer %s is already "
                                   "registered.") % (map.get_map_id(), 
                                                     map.get_layer()))
                else:
                    core.warning(_("Map <%s> is already registered.")
                        % (map.get_map_id()))
                return ""

        # Create tables
        sql_path = get_sql_template_path()

        # We need to create the map raster register table precedes we can register the map
        if map_register_table is None:
            # Create a unique id
            uuid_rand = "map_" + str(uuid.uuid4()).replace("-", "")

            map_register_table = uuid_rand + "_" + \
                self.get_type() + "_register"

            # Read the SQL template
            sql = open(os.path.join(sql_path, 
                                    "map_stds_register_table_template.sql"), 
                                    'r').read()
            # Create the raster, raster3d and vector tables
            sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", map.get_type())
            sql = sql.replace("MAP_NAME", map_name + "_" + map_mapset)
            sql = sql.replace("TABLE_NAME", uuid_rand)
            sql = sql.replace("MAP_ID", map_id)
            sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())

            statement += sql

            # Set the stds register table name and put it into the DB
            map.set_stds_register(map_register_table)
            statement += map.metadata.get_update_statement_mogrified(dbif)

            if map.get_layer():
                core.verbose(_("Created register table <%s> for "
                               "%s map <%s> with layer %s") %
                                (map_register_table, map.get_type(), 
                                 map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer()))
            else:
                core.verbose(_("Created register table <%s> for %s map <%s>") %
                                (map_register_table, map.get_type(), 
                                 map.get_map_id()))

        # We need to create the table and register it
        if stds_register_table is None:
            # Create table name
            stds_register_table = stds_name + "_" + \
                stds_mapset + "_" + map.get_type() + "_register"
            # Read the SQL template
            sql = open(os.path.join(sql_path, 
                                    "stds_map_register_table_template.sql"), 
                                    'r').read()
            # Create the raster, raster3d and vector tables
            sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", map.get_type())
            sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME", stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
            sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_ID", self.base.get_id())
            sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())
            statement += sql

            # Set the map register table name and put it into the DB
            self.set_map_register(stds_register_table)
            statement += self.metadata.get_update_statement_mogrified(dbif)

            core.verbose(_("Created register table <%s> for space "
                           "time %s  dataset <%s>") %
                          (stds_register_table, map.get_type(), self.get_id()))

        # We need to execute the statement at this time
        if statement != "":
            dbif.execute_transaction(statement)

        statement = ""

        # Register the stds in the map stds register table
        # Check if the entry is already there
        if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
            sql = "SELECT id FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = ?"
        else:
            sql = "SELECT id FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = %s"
        try:
            dbif.cursor.execute(sql, (self.base.get_id(),))
            row = dbif.cursor.fetchone()
        except:
            row = None

        # In case of no entry make a new one
        if row is None:
            if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
                sql = "INSERT INTO " + map_register_table + \
                    " (id) " + "VALUES (?);\n"
            else:
                sql = "INSERT INTO " + map_register_table + \
                    " (id) " + "VALUES (%s);\n"

            statement += dbif.mogrify_sql_statement(
                (sql, (self.base.get_id(),)))

        # Now put the raster name in the stds map register table
        if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
            sql = "INSERT INTO " + stds_register_table + \
                " (id) " + "VALUES (?);\n"
        else:
            sql = "INSERT INTO " + stds_register_table + \
                " (id) " + "VALUES (%s);\n"

        statement += dbif.mogrify_sql_statement((sql, (map_id,)))

        # Now execute the insert transaction
        dbif.execute_transaction(statement)

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        # increase the counter
        self.map_counter += 1

    def unregister_map(self, map, dbif=None, execute=True):
        """!Unregister a map from the space time dataset.

           This method takes care of the un-registration of a map
           from a space time dataset.

           @param map: The map object to unregister
           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
           @param execute: If True the SQL DELETE and DROP table 
                           statements will be executed.
                           If False the prepared SQL statements are 
                           returned and must be executed by the caller.

           @return The SQL statements if execute == False, else an empty 
                   string, None in case of a failure
        """

        statement = ""

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        # First select needed data from the database
        map.metadata.select(dbif)

        map_id = map.get_id()
        map_register_table = map.get_stds_register()
        stds_register_table = self.get_map_register()

        if map.get_layer() is not None:
            core.verbose(_("Unregister %s map <%s> with layer %s") % \
                         (map.get_type(), map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer()))
        else:
            core.verbose(_("Unregister %s map <%s>") % (
                map.get_type(), map.get_map_id()))

        # Check if the map is registered in the space time raster dataset
        if map_register_table is not None:
            if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
                sql = "SELECT id FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = ?"
            else:
                sql = "SELECT id FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = %s"
            try:
                dbif.cursor.execute(sql, (self.base.get_id(),))
                row = dbif.cursor.fetchone()
            except:
                row = None

            # Break if the map is not registered
            if row is None:
                if map.get_layer() is not None:
                    core.warning(_("Map <%s> with layer %s is not registered "
                                   "in space time dataset <%s>") % \
                                 (map.get_map_id(), map.get_layer(), 
                                  self.base.get_id()))
                else:
                    core.warning(_("Map <%s> is not registered in space "
                                   "time dataset <%s>") % (map.get_map_id(), 
                                                           self.base.get_id()))
                if connect == True:
                    dbif.close()
                return ""

        # Remove the space time raster dataset from the raster dataset register
        if map_register_table is not None:
            if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
                sql = "DELETE FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = ?;\n"
            else:
                sql = "DELETE FROM " + map_register_table + " WHERE id = %s;\n"

            statement += dbif.mogrify_sql_statement(
                (sql, (self.base.get_id(),)))

        # Remove the raster map from the space time raster dataset register
        if stds_register_table is not None:
            if dbmi.paramstyle == "qmark":
                sql = "DELETE FROM " + stds_register_table + " WHERE id = ?;\n"
            else:
                sql = "DELETE FROM " + \
                    stds_register_table + " WHERE id = %s;\n"

            statement += dbif.mogrify_sql_statement((sql, (map_id,)))

        if execute:
            dbif.execute_transaction(statement)

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

        # decrease the counter
        self.map_counter -= 1

        if execute:
            return ""

        return statement

    def update_from_registered_maps(self, dbif=None):
        """!This methods updates the spatial and temporal extent as well as
           type specific metadata. It should always been called after maps are registered
           or unregistered/deleted from the space time dataset.

           The update of the temporal extent checks if the end time is set correctly.
           In case the registered maps have no valid end time (None) the maximum start time
           will be used. If the end time is earlier than the maximum start time, it will
           be replaced by the maximum start time.

           An other solution to automate this is to use the deactivated trigger
           in the SQL files. But this will result in a huge performance issue
           in case many maps are registered (>1000).

           @param dbif: The database interface to be used
        """
        core.verbose(_("Update metadata, spatial and temporal extent from "
                       "all registered maps of <%s>") % (self.get_id()))

        # Nothing to do if the register is not present
        if not self.get_map_register():
            return

        dbif, connect = init_dbif(dbif)

        map_time = None

        use_start_time = False

        # Get basic info
        stds_name = self.base.get_name()
        stds_mapset = self.base.get_mapset()
        sql_path = get_sql_template_path()

        #We create a transaction
        sql_script = ""

        # Update the spatial and temporal extent from registered maps
        # Read the SQL template
        sql = open(os.path.join(sql_path, 
                   "update_stds_spatial_temporal_extent_template.sql"), 
                   'r').read()
        sql = sql.replace(
            "GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(None).get_type())
        sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME", stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
        sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_ID", self.base.get_id())
        sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())

        sql_script += sql
        sql_script += "\n"

        # Update type specific metadata
        sql = open(os.path.join(sql_path, "update_" +
            self.get_type() + "_metadata_template.sql"), 'r').read()
        sql = sql.replace(
            "GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(None).get_type())
        sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME", stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
        sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_ID", self.base.get_id())
        sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())

        sql_script += sql
        sql_script += "\n"

        dbif.execute_transaction(sql_script)

        # Read and validate the selected end time
        self.select()

        if self.is_time_absolute():
            start_time, end_time, tz = self.get_absolute_time()
        else:
            start_time, end_time, unit = self.get_relative_time()

        # In case no end time is set, use the maximum start time of 
        # all registered maps as end time
        if end_time is None:
            use_start_time = True
        else:
            # Check if the end time is smaller than the maximum start time
            if self.is_time_absolute():
                sql = """SELECT max(start_time) FROM GRASS_MAP_absolute_time 
                         WHERE GRASS_MAP_absolute_time.id IN
                        (SELECT id FROM SPACETIME_NAME_GRASS_MAP_register);"""
                sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type())
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME",
                    stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
            else:
                sql = """SELECT max(start_time) FROM GRASS_MAP_relative_time 
                         WHERE GRASS_MAP_relative_time.id IN
                        (SELECT id FROM SPACETIME_NAME_GRASS_MAP_register);"""
                sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type())
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME",
                    stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)

            dbif.cursor.execute(sql)
            row = dbif.cursor.fetchone()

            if row is not None:
                # This seems to be a bug in sqlite3 Python driver
                if dbmi.__name__ == "sqlite3":
                    tstring = row[0]
                    # Convert the unicode string into the datetime format
                    if self.is_time_absolute():
                        if tstring.find(":") > 0:
                            time_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
                        else:
                            time_format = "%Y-%m-%d"

                        max_start_time = datetime.strptime(
                            tstring, time_format)
                    else:
                        max_start_time = row[0]
                else:
                    max_start_time = row[0]

                if end_time < max_start_time:
                    use_start_time = True

        # Set the maximum start time as end time
        if use_start_time:
            if self.is_time_absolute():
                sql = """UPDATE STDS_absolute_time SET end_time =
               (SELECT max(start_time) FROM GRASS_MAP_absolute_time WHERE 
               GRASS_MAP_absolute_time.id IN
                        (SELECT id FROM SPACETIME_NAME_GRASS_MAP_register)
               ) WHERE id = 'SPACETIME_ID';"""
                sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type())
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME",
                    stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_ID", self.base.get_id())
                sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())
            elif self.is_time_relative():
                sql = """UPDATE STDS_relative_time SET end_time =
               (SELECT max(start_time) FROM GRASS_MAP_relative_time WHERE 
               GRASS_MAP_relative_time.id IN
                        (SELECT id FROM SPACETIME_NAME_GRASS_MAP_register)
               ) WHERE id = 'SPACETIME_ID';"""
                sql = sql.replace("GRASS_MAP", self.get_new_map_instance(
                    None).get_type())
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_NAME",
                    stds_name + "_" + stds_mapset)
                sql = sql.replace("SPACETIME_ID", self.base.get_id())
                sql = sql.replace("STDS", self.get_type())

            dbif.execute_transaction(sql)

        # Count the temporal map types
        maps = self.get_registered_maps_as_objects(dbif=dbif)
        tlist = self.count_temporal_types(maps)

        if tlist["interval"] > 0 and tlist["point"] == 0 and \
           tlist["invalid"] == 0:
            map_time = "interval"
        elif tlist["interval"] == 0 and tlist["point"] > 0 and \
             tlist["invalid"] == 0:
            map_time = "point"
        elif tlist["interval"] > 0 and tlist["point"] > 0 and \
             tlist["invalid"] == 0:
            map_time = "mixed"
        else:
            map_time = "invalid"

        # Compute the granularity

        if map_time != "invalid":
            # Smallest supported temporal resolution
            if self.is_time_absolute():
                gran = compute_absolute_time_granularity(maps)
            elif self.is_time_relative():
                gran = compute_relative_time_granularity(maps)
        else:
            gran = None

        # Set the map time type and update the time objects
        if self.is_time_absolute():
            self.absolute_time.select(dbif)
            self.metadata.select(dbif)
            if self.metadata.get_number_of_maps() > 0:
                self.absolute_time.set_map_time(map_time)
                self.absolute_time.set_granularity(gran)
            else:
                self.absolute_time.set_map_time(None)
                self.absolute_time.set_granularity(None)
            self.absolute_time.update_all(dbif)
        else:
            self.relative_time.select(dbif)
            self.metadata.select(dbif)
            if self.metadata.get_number_of_maps() > 0:
                self.relative_time.set_map_time(map_time)
                self.relative_time.set_granularity(gran)
            else:
                self.relative_time.set_map_time(None)
                self.relative_time.set_granularity(None)
            self.relative_time.update_all(dbif)

        if connect:
            dbif.close()

###############################################################################

def create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(
    start, end, use_start=True, use_during=False,
                                        use_overlap=False, use_contain=False, use_equal=False,
                                        use_follows=False, use_precedes=False):
    """!Create a SQL WHERE statement for temporal relation selection of maps in space time datasets

        @param start: The start time
        @param end: The end time
        @param use_start: Select maps of which the start time is located in the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :        s
                         granule:  s-----------------e

                         map    :        s--------------------e
                         granule:  s-----------------e

                         map    :        s--------e
                         granule:  s-----------------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_during: during: Select maps which are temporal during the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :     s-----------e
                         granule:  s-----------------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_overlap: Select maps which temporal overlap the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :     s-----------e
                         granule:        s-----------------e

                         map    :     s-----------e
                         granule:  s----------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_contain: Select maps which temporally contain the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :  s-----------------e
                         granule:     s-----------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_equal: Select maps which temporally equal to the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :  s-----------e
                         granule:  s-----------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_follows: Select maps which temporally follow the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :              s-----------e
                         granule:  s-----------e
                         @endverbatim

        @param use_precedes: Select maps which temporally precedes the selection granule
                         @verbatim
                         map    :  s-----------e
                         granule:              s-----------e
                         @endverbatim

        Usage:
        
        @code
        
        >>> # Relative time
        >>> start = 1
        >>> end = 2
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False)
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end)
        '((start_time >= 1 and start_time < 2) )'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=True)
        '((start_time >= 1 and start_time < 2) )'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_during=True)
        '(((start_time > 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time >= 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time > 1 and end_time <= 2)))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_overlap=True)
        '(((start_time < 1 and end_time > 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time < 2 and start_time > 1 and end_time > 2)))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_contain=True)
        '(((start_time < 1 and end_time > 2) OR (start_time <= 1 and end_time > 2) OR (start_time < 1 and end_time >= 2)))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_equal=True)
        '((start_time = 1 and end_time = 2))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_follows=True)
        '((start_time = 2))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_precedes=True)
        '((end_time = 1))'
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=True, use_during=True, use_overlap=True, use_contain=True,
        ... use_equal=True, use_follows=True, use_precedes=True)
        '((start_time >= 1 and start_time < 2)  OR ((start_time > 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time >= 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time > 1 and end_time <= 2)) OR ((start_time < 1 and end_time > 1 and end_time < 2) OR (start_time < 2 and start_time > 1 and end_time > 2)) OR ((start_time < 1 and end_time > 2) OR (start_time <= 1 and end_time > 2) OR (start_time < 1 and end_time >= 2)) OR (start_time = 1 and end_time = 2) OR (start_time = 2) OR (end_time = 1))'

        >>> # Absolute time
        >>> start = datetime(2001, 1, 1, 12, 30)
        >>> end = datetime(2001, 3, 31, 14, 30)
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False)
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end)
        "((start_time >= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and start_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') )"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=True)
        "((start_time >= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and start_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') )"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_during=True)
        "(((start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time >= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time <= '2001-03-31 14:30:00')))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_overlap=True)
        "(((start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00' and start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00')))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_contain=True)
        "(((start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time <= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time >= '2001-03-31 14:30:00')))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_equal=True)
        "((start_time = '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time = '2001-03-31 14:30:00'))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_follows=True)
        "((start_time = '2001-03-31 14:30:00'))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=False, use_precedes=True)
        "((end_time = '2001-01-01 12:30:00'))"
        >>> create_temporal_relation_sql_where_statement(start, end, 
        ... use_start=True, use_during=True, use_overlap=True, use_contain=True,
        ... use_equal=True, use_follows=True, use_precedes=True)
        "((start_time >= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and start_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00')  OR ((start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time >= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time <= '2001-03-31 14:30:00')) OR ((start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time < '2001-03-31 14:30:00' and start_time > '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00')) OR ((start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time <= '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time > '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time < '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time >= '2001-03-31 14:30:00')) OR (start_time = '2001-01-01 12:30:00' and end_time = '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (start_time = '2001-03-31 14:30:00') OR (end_time = '2001-01-01 12:30:00'))"
        
        @endcode
        """

    where = "("

    if use_start:
        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "(start_time >= '%s' and start_time < '%s') " % (start, end)
        else:
            where += "(start_time >= %i and start_time < %i) " % (start, end)

    if use_during:
        if use_start:
            where += " OR "
            
        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "((start_time > '%s' and end_time < '%s') OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time >= '%s' and end_time < '%s') OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time > '%s' and end_time <= '%s'))" % (start, end)
        else:
            where += "((start_time > %i and end_time < %i) OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time >= %i and end_time < %i) OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time > %i and end_time <= %i))" % (start, end)

    if use_overlap:
        if use_start or use_during:
            where += " OR "

        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "((start_time < '%s' and end_time > '%s' and end_time < '%s') OR " % (start, start, end)
            where += "(start_time < '%s' and start_time > '%s' and end_time > '%s'))" % (end, start, end)
        else:
            where += "((start_time < %i and end_time > %i and end_time < %i) OR " % (start, start, end)
            where += "(start_time < %i and start_time > %i and end_time > %i))" % (end, start, end)

    if use_contain:
        if use_start or use_during or use_overlap:
            where += " OR "

        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "((start_time < '%s' and end_time > '%s') OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time <= '%s' and end_time > '%s') OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time < '%s' and end_time >= '%s'))" % (start, end)
        else:
            where += "((start_time < %i and end_time > %i) OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time <= %i and end_time > %i) OR " % (start, end)
            where += "(start_time < %i and end_time >= %i))" % (start, end)

    if use_equal:
        if use_start or use_during or use_overlap or use_contain:
            where += " OR "

        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "(start_time = '%s' and end_time = '%s')" % (start, end)
        else:
            where += "(start_time = %i and end_time = %i)" % (start, end)

    if use_follows:
        if use_start or use_during or use_overlap or use_contain or use_equal:
            where += " OR "

        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "(start_time = '%s')" % (end)
        else:
            where += "(start_time = %i)" % (end)

    if use_precedes:
        if use_start or use_during or use_overlap or use_contain or use_equal \
           or use_follows:
            where += " OR "

        if isinstance(start, datetime):
            where += "(end_time = '%s')" % (start)
        else:
            where += "(end_time = %i)" % (start)

    where += ")"

    # Catch empty where statement
    if where == "()":
        where = None

    return where

###############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()