Geografic-Information-System/vector/v.kernel/v.kernel.html

<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>

<em>v.kernel</em> generates a raster density map from vector points
data using a moving
kernel. Available <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(statistics)#Kernel_functions_in_common_use">kernel
density functions</a> are <em>uniform, triangular, epanechnikov,
quartic, triweight, gaussian, cosine</em>, default
is <em>gaussian</em>.
<p>The module can also generate a vector density map on a vector network. 
Conventional kernel functions produce biased estimates by overestimating 
the densities around network nodes, whereas the equal split method of 
Okabe et al. (2009) produces unbiased density estimates. The equal split 
method uses the kernel function selected with the <b>kernel</b> option 
and can be enabled with <b>node=split</b>.

<h2>NOTES</h2>

The <b>mult</b> option is needed to overcome the limitation that
the resulting density in case of a vector map output is stored as category
(integer). The density result stored as category may be multiplied by this number.
<p>
For the <em>gaussian</em> kernel, standard deviation for the 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(statistics)#Kernel_functions_in_common_use">gaussian function</a> 
is set to 1/4 of the radius.
<p>
With the <b>-o</b> flag (experimental) the command tries to calculate an 
optimal standard deviation. The value of <em>stddeviation</em> is taken 
as maximum value. Standard deviation is calculated using ALL points, 
not just those in the current region.

<h2>LIMITATIONS</h2>
The module only considers the presence of points, but not 
(yet) any attribute values.

<h2>REFERENCES</h2>

<ul>
<li>Okabe, A., Satoh, T., Sugihara, K. (2009). <i>A kernel density estimation 
method for networks, its computational method and a GIS-based tool</i>.
<b>International Journal of Geographical Information Science</b>, Vol 23(1), 
pp. 7-32.<br>
DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810802475491">10.1080/13658810802475491</a>
</ul>

<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>

<em><a href="v.surf.rst.html">v.surf.rst</a></em>

<h2>AUTHORS</h2>

Stefano Menegon, <a href="http://mpa.itc.it/">ITC-irst</a>, Trento, Italy<br>
Radim Blazek (additional kernel density functions and network part)

<p>
<i>Last changed: $Date$</i>