\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{sky}{HTML}{AAEEEE}
\definecolor{lgreen}{HTML}{77DD11}

\usepackage[pdftex,active,tightpage]{preview}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{2mm}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.text}

\begin{document}
\begin{preview}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3.5,dot/.style={circle,fill=black,minimum size=4pt,inner sep=0pt,
            outer sep=-1pt}]
    \draw[fill=sky!20] (180:1.2cm) arc (180:0:1.2cm);
    \draw[fill=brown!20] (180:1cm) arc (180:0:1cm);
    \draw (-1.2cm,0) -- node {} (1.2cm, 0);
    \draw (0,0) -- node {} (0, 1cm);
    \node at (0,1.1cm) {N} ;

    \coordinate (DEnd) at (0.867cm,0.5cm) ;
    \draw[dashed] (-0.86cm,0.5cm) -- node[above] {} (DEnd);

    \node[above] at (-0.4cm, 0.45cm) {25. Breitengrad};
    \node[above, text width=1cm] at (0.15cm, 0.5cm) {\scriptsize Burdsch\\Chalifa};
    \node[above, text width=1cm] at (0.7cm, 0.5cm) {\scriptsize Mileiha};

    \path [decorate,
            decoration={
                text along path,
                text={6370 km},
                text align={align=center}
            }
          ] (0,0) -- (DEnd);
    \draw (0,0) -- node {} (DEnd);
    \draw[arrows={stealth-stealth}] (-1cm,-0.05cm) -- node[below] {6370 km} (0,-0.05cm);

    \node[dot, lgreen] at (0.2cm,0.5cm) (S) {};
    \node[dot, lgreen] at (0.5cm,0.5cm) (E) {};



    \draw[lgreen, thick] (S) -- node {} (E);

    \begin{scope}[shift={(DEnd)}]
        \draw[fill=gray!20] (0,0) -- (180:0.3cm)  arc (180:210:0.3cm);
        \draw (195:0.2cm) node {$\scriptstyle 25^\circ$};
    \end{scope}



\end{tikzpicture}
\end{preview}
\end{document}
