LaTeX-examples/tikz/pairing-function/pairing-function.tex

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{sansmath} % for sans serif math

%%%<
% The data files, written on the first run.
\begin{filecontents}{function.data}
# x     y
0 0
0 1
1 0
0 2
1 1
2 0
0 3
1 2
2 1
3 0
0 4
1 3
2 2
3 1
4 0
\end{filecontents}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    compat=newest, % for better label placement
    font=\sansmath\sffamily, % math and normal text in sans serif
    xlabel=$y$, ylabel=$x$, % the label texts
    ylabel style={rotate=-90},
    xmin=0, ymin=0, % axis origin
    enlarge y limits=false, % don't enlarge the y axis beyond the data range
    enlarge x limits={upper,abs=0}, % enlarge x axis slightly to make sure the last tick mark is drawn completely
    xticklabel style={yshift=-1ex},
    yticklabel style={xshift=-1ex},
    axis lines*=left, % only draw the left axis lines, not a box
    unit vector ratio*={1 1 1}, % equal axis scaling. "*" to make sure the axes can only be reduced in size, not enlarged
    width=6cm, % set the overall width of the plot
    try min ticks=5, % adjusts how many ticks are printed
    tick align=center, % tick marks centered on the axes
    legend style={
        draw=none, % no frame around axes
        at={(1,1)}, % place at upper right of plot
        anchor=north, % use upper middle edge of legend for alignment
        fill=none
    },
]
\addplot [
    mark=square*, mark size=0.5em, % square, filled ("*"), radius of 0.5em
    nodes near coords={
        \pgfmathparse{int(\coordindex)}
        \pgfmathresult
    }, % print labels on each data point, using `\coordindex` (the data point counter) increased by 1
    every node near coord/.style={
        font=\scriptsize\sffamily\bfseries, % smaller text size, bold for the data point labels
        text=white,
        anchor=center % center the labels on the plot marks
    }
    ] table {function.data};
\addlegendentry{$\displaystyle\pi(x, y) = y + \sum_{i=0}^{x+y} i$}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}